高校青年教师成就动机研究

本研究采用(Rpbert.Helmreich & Janet Spence,1983)成就动机测验对哈尔滨市的264名高校青年教师进行问卷调查发现:高校青年教师的成就动机受到青年教师的已有成就水平、年龄、性别、职称、学历等因素的影响.     

同伴互动类型对三年级小学生写作水平的影响

研究通过对比同伴辅导、合作、协作等三种同伴互动写作方式与个体化写作教学干预前后,三年级学生独立写作水平的变化,了解同伴互动类型对初学者写作水平的影响.结果发现,和个体化写作相比,三种同伴互动写作方式均更有利于整体写作水平和"结构"维度写作水平的提高;但合作写作最为突出,不仅在各个维度都优于个体化写作,而且在"选材"维度上还优,于同伴辅导写作和协作写作.这说明,社会性互动有利于初学者写作水平的提高,且主要表现为提升记叙文的结构完整性和层次清楚性;但只有兼顾"个人责任"和"高平等性、相互性",社会性互动对写作的促进作用才能更加充分地发挥.     

基于MJT的道德结构验证性分析研究

从科尔伯格提出道德认知发展概念至今,已经出现对道德认知发展的几种不同解释,其中较为著名的包括阶段论、水平论和认知图式论.本研究通过对一份道德判断测验的数据进行分析,采用建立模型的实证方法,试图验证已有的几种道德认知结构理论的正确性.研究表明:道德发展过程的确包含六个阶段,它们是按照一定顺序发展的.同时,道德发展过程中还出现三个水平,并先后建立了三种不同的认知图式.     

老年人社会支持、孤独感与主观幸福感的关系

选取天津市379名老年人,采用"纽芬兰纪念大学幸福感量表"、"社会支持最表"和"情绪一社会孤独问卷"进行调查,以探讨老年人社会支持、孤独感与主观幸福感的关系.结果表明,不同工作状况的老年人在社会支持、孤独感及主观幸福感上均呈显著差异;不同社会支持水平老年人的孤独感、主观幸福感具有显著差异;老年人社会支持,孤独感与主观幸福感各维度间相关显著.     

A Work-Life Identity Model of Well-Being: Towards a Research Agenda Linking Quality-of-Work-Life (QWL) Programs with Quality of Life (QOL)

QWL is conceptualized in terms of the interface between employee role identities and work resources. QWL programs serve to enhance QOL by (1) providing appropriate work resources to meet the expectations of employee role identities, (2) reducing role conflict in work and non-work life, (3) enhancing multiple role identities, (4) reducing role demands, (5) reducing stress related to work and non-work role identities, and (6) increasing the value of the role identity. We describe a variety of QWL programs related to work life (decentralized organization structures, teamwork, parallel structures, ethical corporate mission and culture, the organization work schedule, etc.) and non-work life (work at home, flextime, compressed work week, part-time work arrangements, job sharing, etc.) and show how they serve to enhance QOL using the language of work-life identity. Doing so helps develop a research agenda based on the work-life identify model.     

Women, piety and practice: A study of women and religious practice in Malaysia

While the definition of religion in sociology has been highly contentious, we define religion in this article as simply the acts of piety that are conducted within the religious sphere. The point of this definition is to draw attention to practice and away from belief. This approach to religion appears to be especially useful in the case of contemporary Islam, where female piety has become a significant aspect of religious renewal. The idea of a religious sphere is taken from the work of Luc Boltanski and his colleagues who have coined the expression ‘the inspirational city’. Religion thus consists of acts of piety within the inspirational city, where this space is seen to be in tension with the secular city. The measurement of piety in everyday life sharply differentiates the profane world from religion. These ideas are explored in this article through qualitative data that are drawn from a small sample of pious women in contemporary Malaysia. We explore three aspects of female piety: veiling, polygamy and child-rearing. The article attempts to understand the terms in which piety is measured within the broader context of the Islamization of public life in Malaysia.     

态度改变：说服策略研究的回顾与展望

态度是社会心理学研究的重要领域,近年来研究者发现通过说服可以改变个体的态度,所以态度的说服策略成为一个研究的重点。说服包括了陈述论据和事实,推理,做结论和说明所推荐行为方式的积极效果,所有的一切都是为了使受众相信并且按照这种行为方式行事。本文沿着历史的脉络,从不同的角度阐述了各种说服策略的理论解释及其实验研究,并在此基础上叙述了说服策略未来研究趋势。     

敦睦他者:城市新移民的社会融合之路——对上海市Y社区的个案考察

本文是一项对城市新移民社会融合问题的探索性研究.作者在上海市Y社区的个案调查发现,新移民与城市社区的"二元关系"正在发生变化,即从相互隔离、排斥和对立转向一种理性、兼容、合作的"新二元关系",本文用中国传统文化的概念称之为"敦睦他者".在此基础上,作者提出新移民与城市社会融合经历三个阶段的构想,这三个阶段分别是"二元社区"、"敦睦他者"和"同质认同"."敦睦他者"是新移民与城市社会融合的关键阶段,在此期间需要政府、社区和新移民共同做出努力.     

关于高校的实验与实践教学：基于教育心理学理论的思考

对于高校教育,运算学习方法多指实验、实践和学生科研活动,学生通过从事的实验、实践和科研活动来实现陈述性知识向程序性知识的转化,学习评价应着重考核学生对知识的理解和运用所学知识去解决问题的能力。本文阐述了突出实验／实践训练的高校教学设计的设想,并强调了应将各种教学实验类型有机地组合,给予学生先进、实用的实验技术的训练,以及在实验／实践教学中运用交互式的教学方法。     

Upregulation of hippocampal TrkB and synaptotagmin is involved in treadmill exercise-enhanced aversive memory in mice

Cognitive functions usually involve various synaptic proteins and neurotrophic factors in the hippocampus. However, whether treadmill exercise can improve learning and memory by upregulating some of these molecules remain unraveled. To address this question, male BALB/c mice were divided into control and exercise groups, the latter group went through 4 weeks of treadmill exercise training. At the end of exercise training period, they were either tested for passive avoidance (PA) performance or sacrificed for quantifying the hippocampal levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB, the BDNF receptor), synaptotagmin (a Ca²⁺-dependent synaptic vesicle protein), and SNAP-25 (a presynaptic vesicular fusion protein). Our results showed that treadmill exercise training (1) increased the retention latency without affecting the fear acquisition in the PA test, (2) transiently increased the hippocampal BDNF level at 1, 2, and 4 h after the completion of exercise training, and (3) persistently increased the hippocampal protein levels of full-length TrkB, phosphorylated TrkB and synaptotagmin, but not truncated TrkB or SNAP-25. Moreover, the protein expression level of full-length TrkB or synaptotagmin was positively correlated with PA performance in mice. Finally, inhibition of TrkB signaling by K252a abolished the exercise-facilitated PA performance and upregulation of TrkB and synaptotagmin. Taken together, these data suggest that the upregulation of TrkB and synaptotagmin in the hippocampus contributes to the exercise-facilitated aversive memory.