Does integral affect influence intentions to use artificial intelligence for skin cancer screening? A test of the affect heuristic

Objective: This study investigated how affect influences people’s processing of messages about risks and benefits of using autonomous artificial intelligence (AI) technology to screen for skin cancer. We examined integral affect (emotion derived during decision making) separately from incidental affect (extraneous mood states).

Design: Using the affect heuristic framework, we randomly assigned 273 participants to conditions featuring risk (high, low, uncertain) or benefit (high, low, uncertain) messages about AI. Following ‘affect-as-spotlight’, we also explored whether people’s integral affect towards skin cancer moderated the relationship between risk/benefit messages and AI screening intentions.

Outcomes: Perceived risk, perceived benefit, positive and negative affect toward AI, intention to use AI screening.

Results: After controlling for incidental affect and risk perceptions, we found that compared to low risk messages, uncertain risk messages increased participants’ negative affect toward AI, decreased positive affect toward AI, increased AI risk evaluations and reduced AI benefit evaluations. Perceptual variables significantly mediated participants’ intentions to use AI for risk messages but not benefit messages. No moderation effects were found.

Conclusions: Results suggest extending the affect heuristic framework to include uncertain risk conditions. Integral AI affect influenced people’s interpretation of messages, which then impacted likelihood to use AI technology for health.     

The Role of Friends’ Appearance and Behavior on Evaluations of Individuals on Facebook: Are We Known by the Company We Keep?

This research explores how cues deposited by social partners onto one’s online networking profile affect observers’ impressions of the profile owner. An experiment tested the relationships between both (a) what one’s associates say about a person on a social network site via “wall postings,” where friends leave public messages, and (b) the physical attractiveness of one’s associates reflected in the photos that accompany their wall postings on the attractiveness and credibility observers attribute to the target profile owner. Results indicated that profile owners’ friends’ attractiveness affected their own in an assimilative pattern. Favorable or unfavorable statements about the targets interacted with target gender: Negatively valenced messages about certain moral behaviors increased male profile owners’ perceived physical attractiveness, although they caused females to be viewed as less attractive.     

张三丰籍贯辽东懿州考

张三丰是我国历史上著名的道教传奇人物,关于他的籍贯,历来就有多种说法.作者赞同<明史>说"辽东懿州人",这是正确的.辽东懿州,即现在的阜新蒙古族自治县塔营子乡.他在懿州度过了青少年时代.儒、释、道并修,创建了太极拳,极大地丰富和发展了道家学派.道教羽士那种孤云野鹤、栖无定所、到处为家的生活方式,造成了张三丰出生地有多种说法.     

汉魏六朝佛诞节仪考述

以早期传译佛诞经文为支持,汉魏六朝时,如浴佛、行像、散花、伎乐表演、造幡求福等印度传统佛诞节仪先后被引介进入中国,而如施斋、抄经、造像之类非印度传统佛诞节仪也在地方化过程中先后被增衍出来,最终把佛诞日这样一个宗教性的纪庆日子演变成了中国人的一个岁时节日.就中展示出来的,既是一个佛教文化传播的过程,更是一个中外文化变迁的过程.讨论佛教中国化问题,这个过程为我们揭示出了许多值得关注的细节.     

谈摩尼教在中国的本土化

摩尼教作为世界十大宗教之一,盛极一时.摩尼教在中国的传播与衰败与回鹘的兴衰密切相关.值得关注的是,摩尼教在中国的传播极其巧妙地运用了当时在中国占主导地位的宗教--道教和佛教的外在文化,后以极短的时间广为传播,展示了其独特的生存演进特征.     

在宪政与民主之间——从2000年大选透析美国宪政的二元个性

2000年大选暴露了美国宪政制度的危机.究其实质,这一危机是宪政与民主的冲突加剧的外在表现.由这一次大选提供的个案入手,本文分析了美国宪政的传统与改革的进程,并对最高法院与民主的关系做了一个审视.本文认为,宪政与民主的冲突与均衡在政治制度和政治意识等多个方面构造了美国政治文明的二元个性.     

Effects of Interpersonal Goals on Inadvertent Intrapersonal Influence in Computer‐Mediated Communication

This research explores a sequence of effects pertaining to the influence of relational goals on online information seeking, the use of information and arguments as relational management strategies in computer‐mediated chat, and the intrapersonal attitude change resulting from these processes. Affinity versus disaffinity goals affected participants' information seeking for communicatory utility ( Atkin, 1972 ), their conversational behaviors, and their own attitudes toward the topic and partner. People with negative relational goals used the Web to seek information for discussions more than affinity‐goal participants. Individuals expressed affinity‐disaffinity through arguments, agreements, and disagreements with partners' preferences, which led to changes in their own attitudes. Findings suggest renewed consideration of the interplay between mass media and interpersonal sources accessible on the Internet.     

Suicidal Behavior in Relatives or Associates Moderates the Strength of Common Risk Factors for Suicide

The prevalence and odds ratios of different suicide risk factors were compared in three pairs of decedents: 80 suicides and 25 injury decedents with blood relatives with suicidal behavior history (biologically exposed); 259 suicides and 126 injury decedents with unrelated acquaintances with suicidal behavior history (socially exposed); and 471 suicides and 523 injury decedents with neither relatives nor acquaintances with suicidal behavior history (unexposed). Negative life events and high psychological stress were more common in socially exposed suicides than in other suicides. The adjusted odds ratios of most established suicide risk factors were higher in unexposed decedents than in biologically or socially exposed decedents, suggesting that the predictive value of established risk factors wanes in individuals who have been exposed to suicidal behavior in family or friends.