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191.
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自20世纪90年代以来,社会科学的因果性问题越来越引起科学哲学界的关注.一条比较鲜明的线索是,三大主要的因果性研究进路一以斯皮尔斯(Peter Spirtes)和格利默(Clark Glymour)为代表的贝叶斯网(Bayes-nets)进路;以伍德沃德(James Woodward)和豪斯曼(Daniel Hausman)为代表的模块性(modularity)与不变性(invariance)进路以及胡佛(Kevin Hoover)的功效性(efficacy)进路一的提出,以及卡特赖特分别对他们的批判和由此引起的争论. 相似文献
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Psychological work maturity is an important concept in situational leadership theory. The present research revised the Psychological Work Maturity Scale for use in Chinese organizations. Three samples of full-time employees (Ns = 205, 266, and 283) from different companies and industries participated in the present study. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a single-factor structure fit the data. The scale had acceptable reliabilities, convergent and criterion-related validities, and was shown to be an appropriate measure of psychological work maturity in Chinese employees. Maturity differences in several demographic variables were not found, but employees with longer tenure in Sample 2 scored higher on maturity, which shows that psychological work maturity may be dependent on personal development in the interaction with the varying situational factors, especially in the work domain. Implications for research and practice on psychological work maturity in China are discussed. 相似文献
195.
道德的个体性与道德的社会性——麦金太尔对情感主义的批判 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
麦金太尔在<德性之后>中集中对情感主义进行了现代性批判,即从道德危机的反恩出发,对情感主义造成的道德分歧状况进行批判.麦金太尔认为情感主义体现了西方传统哲学主客二分的思维方式,而解决道德个体性与社会性相分离的途径在于道德实践. 相似文献
196.
Phil D. Liu Kevin K.H. Chung Catherine McBride-Chang Xiuhong Tong 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2010,107(4):466-478
Among 30 Hong Kong Chinese fourth graders, sensitivities to character and word constructions were examined in judgment tasks at each level. There were three conditions across both tasks: the real condition, consisting of either actual two-character compound Chinese words or real Chinese compound characters; the reversed condition, with either the order of the two morphemes in the word or the order of the semantic and phonetic radicals in the character reversed; and the random condition, with either two morphemes randomly combined to create arbitrary nonwords or a semantic radical and a phonetic radical randomly combined using correct orthographic rules to create noncharacters. On the word level, children performed worst in the reversed condition and best with real words, whereas on the character level, children performed worst in the random condition and best in the reversed condition. Findings imply a holistic tendency toward word-level processing and an analytic approach to character-level processing in these Chinese children. 相似文献
197.
Eddie M. W. Tong 《Journal of personality》2010,78(2):393-417
ABSTRACT Although appraisal theorists have pointed out that appraisal–emotion relationships should vary as a function of personality traits, evidence demonstrating this is limited and inconsistent. To examine this issue, Ecological Momentary Assessment was employed in which undergraduates indicated their negative emotions and appraisals at regular intervals for 2 days in natural contexts. The results revealed that individuals higher in Neuroticism showed more negative appraisal styles than those lower in Neuroticism. More important, higher Neuroticism was associated with stronger appraisal–emotion relationships of 4 negative emotions (anger, sadness, fear, and guilt). These findings imply that Neuroticism affects not only how people appraise their environments but also the reactivity of their negative emotions to appraisals. 相似文献
198.
飞机座舱视听告警方式的工效学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该研究比较了由话音、灯光和音调信息组成的纯视觉告警、纯听觉告警和不同视听综合告警的效绩 ,以探讨当前在飞机座舱告警系统设计中存在的一些争议较大的问题。实验采用了双重作业法 ,主作业是一维补偿追踪 ,次作业是离散信号反应作业。结果表明 :1以音调信号作为听觉主告警加在话音信号前的方式将使信号反应时增长。但听觉主告警信号对提供告警级别信息可能有一定作用。2警告、注意和提示三级告警采用视觉 (信号灯 )方式优于它们都采用视听双显示方式 ,也优于纯听觉告警方式。3最佳的告警方式是警告信号采用灯光和话音显示 ,其余两类信号采用灯光显示。 相似文献
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Samuel M.Y. Ho Darren Wai Tong Dai Christine Mak Katy Wing Kei Liu 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2018,18(3):227-234
Background/Objective: To examine the roles of anxiety sensitivity and attentional bias in the development of anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescents. Method: 214 grade 7 to grade 10 Hong Kong Chinese students completed a package of psychometric inventories to measure levels of anxiety sensitivity, selective attentional processing, and anxiety and depressive symptoms in 2016 and then again in 2017. Results: Girls, when compared with boys, exhibited more anxiety symptoms and anxiety sensitivity in 2016. They also reported a significant increase in mean depression level from 2016 to 2017. Regression analyses revealed that the physical-concerns dimension of anxiety sensitivity, positive attentional bias, and to a lesser extent negative attentional bias were related to the development of both anxiety and depression symptoms one year later. Fear of mental incapacity could predict depression one year later but not anxiety symptoms. Conclusions: Intervention through anxiety sensitivity training to reduce somatic concerns and attentional bias modification to increase habitual attention to positive stimuli and to disengage from negative stimuli can reduce anxiety and depression symptoms among high school students. 相似文献