论马克思主义的当代魅力

在以物质依赖关系和价值多元为特征的时代,贬抑崇高不可避免,这也是马克思主义魅力弱化的时代背景.当前马克思主义"冷漠症"甚至"污名化"的现象不容低估.马克思主义的魅力和生命力在理论上表现为,它体现了科学真理性和人民利益价值性相统一的合理性,是社会历史发展的客观尺度与人民群众主体尺度的统一,即合规律性与合目的性的统一;在实践上表现为,资本主义的根本性质未变决定了它仍然是当今引领人类解放的思想旗帜,社会主义国家何时真正坚持马克思主义的指导,何时就能取得成功,相反,必导致其失败,这是已经被实践所充分验证了的不争事实.马克思主义的魅力与其说是理论上既存的,毋宁说是实践中生成的.     

The relationship of impairment to personality disorder severity among individuals with specific axis I disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions

The present study examined one dimensional approach to personality disorders (PDs) in a large (n = 43,093), nationally representative sample of the U.S. population. Respondents were classified in four personality severity categories (no PD, subthreshold PD, simple PD, complex PD). Linear regression analyses were conducted to examine mental disability by PD severity for major DSM-IV substance use, mood and anxiety disorders. Significant increases in disability were observed between no PD and simple PD and between simple PD and complex PD for each Axis I disorder except drug dependence, but few differences in disability were found between no PD and subthreshold PD. This study found support for the clinical utility of the dimensional classification of PD severity with regard to the distinction between simple and complex PD and for a combined no PD-subthreshold PD level of severity. Future planned analyses will address the clinical utility of the classification prospectively, with a full battery of all Axis II PDs.     

关于高校的实验与实践教学：基于教育心理学理论的思考

对于高校教育,运算学习方法多指实验、实践和学生科研活动,学生通过从事的实验、实践和科研活动来实现陈述性知识向程序性知识的转化,学习评价应着重考核学生对知识的理解和运用所学知识去解决问题的能力。本文阐述了突出实验／实践训练的高校教学设计的设想,并强调了应将各种教学实验类型有机地组合,给予学生先进、实用的实验技术的训练,以及在实验／实践教学中运用交互式的教学方法。     

道教养生与技术哲学交叉研究的新成果——黄永锋《道教服食技术研究》评介

道教服食是道教信从者通过摄取食物、药物、气、符等来防治疾病、养护身心,以求长生成仙的过程中所应用的一切手段、方法、知识等活动方式的总和.它包括服药、服气、辟谷、饮食、服符等方面,是一类富有特色的道教养生类型.近年来,学术界对道教养生学关注较多,因此道教养生中服食问题也相应地有一些学者加以探讨.黄永锋博士认为道教养生学研究课题众多,服食养生应该专门加以系统研究;同时有必要重新界定道教服食,在新的理论平台上进行多视角深人的审视.     

Icon flickering, flicker rate, and color combinations of an icon's symbol/background in visual search performance

The effects of color combinations of an icon's symbol/background and components of flicker and flicker rate on visual search performance on a liquid crystal display screen were investigated with 39 subjects who searched for a target icon in a circular stimulus array (diameter = 20 cm) including one target and 19 distractors. Analysis showed that the icon's symbol/background color significantly affected search time. The search times for icons with black/red and white/blue were significantly shorter than for white/yellow, black/yellow, and black/blue. Flickering of different components of the icon significantly affected the search time. Search time for an icon's border flickering was shorter than for an icon symbol flickering; search for flicker rates of 3 and 5 Hz was shorter than that for 1 Hz. For icon's symbol/background color combinations, search error rate for black/blue was greater than for black/red and white/blue combinations, and the error rate for an icon's border flickering was lower than for an icon's symbol flickering. Interactions affected search time and error rate. Results are applicable to design of graphic user interfaces.     

Skin conductance as an indicator of anticipated concealed knowledge

The present study investigated the effects of anticipation on skin conductance while participants were answering a set of questions which included one of concealed knowledge. Two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, 26 participants completed one experimental session. Each participant was asked to choose one two-digit number from 10 to 99 and was presented 19 other randomly generated two-digit numbers. The list of numbers was then presented to the participant on a computer screen, with a 60-sec. interval occurring every two questions. The participant-selected number was defined as the target question which was randomly placed within the 4th to 17th item of 20 questions stated as follows: "Is your selected number?" The participant was asked to answer "No" to all questions. The skin-conductance response to each question was measured. In Exp. 2, the experimental procedure was the same as that in Exp. 1 except each participant first answered 10 nontarget questions, then answered a target question with the participant's selected number, and then answered another 10 nontarget questions. There were a total of 21 questions. Analysis indicated participants in both experiments generated the highest mean skin conductance while answering the target questions, followed by lower amplitudes to questions prior to and after the target question. The skin-conductance response pattern can be used to identify the psychological process of anticipation of concealed information.     

Visualized representation of visual search patterns for a visuospatial attention test

Cancellation tests have been widely used in clinical practice and in research to evaluate visuospatial attention, visual scanning patterns, and neglect problems. The aim of the present work is to present a visualized interface for the visuospatial attentional assessment system that can be employed to monitor and analyze attention performance and the search strategies used during visuospatial processing of target cancellation. We introduce a pattern identification mechanism for visual search patterns and report our findings from examining the visual search performance and patterns. We also present a comparison of results across various cancellation tests and age groups. The present study demonstrates that our system can obtain more processing data about spatiotemporal features of visual search than can conventional tests.     

狂便谈禅,悲还说梦--龚自珍佛教思想管窥

龚自珍堪称近代中国思想解放的精神先驱.当激进的改革要求遭受挫折后,龚自珍便将沉沉心事投向了佛学.佛学赋予的智慧和普渡众生的济世观念使龚自珍受益颇深,一方面既找到了一种崇高的精神依托,另一方面同样也可以借此学说以申张自己励志改革的决心.在龚自珍那里,佛学兼具理性与信仰的双重情感,它具有宗教性,但更是龚自珍批判礼教、倡导经世致用之学的理论渊源之一.而这一自佛学中吸取营养的学术风气后来渐至发扬光大,终于形成了一股强大的社会改良思潮,也开启了近代佛学的思辨之路.     

哈尼族村社祭司——咪谷

咪谷是哈尼族社会生活中重要角色人物。他既是自然属性的人,又是神灵的化身;他曾经既是行政首长,又是宗教祭司;他是做人的楷模,是村寨生活精神的象征,是人生价值的追求目标。本文阐述咪谷产生的历史背景及条件的基础上,阐明咪谷与莫批在哈尼族社会中地位和不同作用,提出了咪谷精神在当今构建和谐村社中具有重要的现实意义。     

咒语的本源、演变、基本特征以及与祷词、神谕的区别

巫术与神灵崇拜仪式中出现的仪式语言有咒语、祷词与神谕。在现代社会尚存的以民俗信仰为主的中国本土传统的宗教仪式中,三种仪式语言往往连用或混杂在一起,而咒语的情况最为复杂。原始形态的咒语源自巫术活动中的语言灵力崇拜,而在后世有各种与神灵崇拜相结合的形态。依照咒语形成的原理和基本特征,可以判别具体仪式中咒语的灵力构成形态。根据三种仪式语言的性质、特征的差异,以及所用词句的不同,可以将三者加以比较细致的区分,借此可以明了特定仪式的超自然力崇拜的具体状况。