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11.
Tomasz Szkudlarek 《Studies in Philosophy and Education》2007,26(3):237-252
The paper assumes that education is part of the process of discursive construction of society. The theoretical framework on
which this argument is based includes Ernesto Laclau’s theory of the “ontological impossibility and political necessity of
society”, and the role discourse and empty signifiers play in the establishment of political identities. Laclau’s theory is
supplemented here by ideas of Derrida, Lacan, Žižek and Marx, and by other traits in contemporary semiotics that relate to
the notion of “the void” in semantic systems. My claim is that empty signifiers, crucial to the production of the totality
of society, are discursively produced, among others, in pedagogical debates. This is illustrated by one historical example
(Rouuseau), which gives ground for more contemporary analyses, and on the basis of the present economic discourse of educating
and the idea of “knowledge society”. The main conclusion is that education, in contemporary discourse of learning, becomes
a neurotic symptom of the lack of overt domination in social relations.
相似文献
Tomasz SzkudlarekEmail: |
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Since the validity of Bell's inequalities implies the existence of joint probabilities for non-commuting observables, there is no universal consensus as to what the violation of these inequalities signifies. While the majority view is that the violation teaches us an important lesson about the possibility of explanations, if not about metaphysical issues, there is also a minimalist position claiming that the violation is to be expected from simple facts about probability theory. This minimalist position is backed by theorems due to A. Fine and I. Pitowsky.Our paper shows that the minimalist position cannot be sustained. To this end,we give a formally rigorous interpretation of joint probabilities in thecombined modal and spatiotemporal framework of `stochastic outcomes inbranching space-time' (SOBST) (Kowalski and Placek, 1999; Placek, 2000). We show in this framework that the claim that there can be no joint probabilities fornon-commuting observables is incorrect. The lesson from Fine's theorem is notthat Bell's inequalities will be violated anyhow, but that an adequate modelfor the Bell/Aspect experiment must not define global joint probabilities. Thus we investigate the class of stochastic hidden variable models, whichprima facie do not define such joint probabilities. The reasonwhy these models fail supports the majority view: Bell's inequalities are notjust a mathematical artifact. 相似文献
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Tomasz Skura 《Studia Logica》1991,50(2):173-179
In Section 2 I give a criterion of decidability that can be applied to logics (i.e. Tarski consequence operators) without the finite model property. In Section 3 I study ukasiewicz-style refutation procedures as a method of obtaining decidability results.This method also proves to be more general than Harrop's criterion. 相似文献
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The present research investigated the effects of social class on interpersonal trust. In a series of experiments, we showed how the contextualist socio-cognitive tendencies of the lower class and the solipsistic tendencies of the upper class were reflected in their trusting attitudes and behaviors. In Study 1 (N = 491), upper class individuals expressed the same levels of trust towards all partners, while lower class individuals adjusted their trust choices to the affect-rich information about their interaction partner and trusted warm partners more than cold partners. The results of Study 2 (N = 210) showed that when threatened, lower class individuals had generally less trusting attitudes, while upper class members were equally trusting as in a neutral situation. Study 3 (N = 200) revealed that upper class individuals explained a betrayal of their trust with dispositional factors to a higher degree than lower class individuals. We discuss how these differences contribute to perpetuating the disadvantage of the lower class. 相似文献
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The early detection and accurate localization of threatening sounds is vital for the survival of military personnel. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the detection, localization, and response time to an M-16 rifle magazine insertion click in three background conditions: jungle, pink, and ambient noise. The level of the click varied from -18 to 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Reported results indicate that detection rates of 50, 70, and 100% required SNRs of ?6 to ?12, ?3, and 0 dB, respectively. Localization accuracy of 50 and 80% within a ±15° angle required SNRs of about ?6 and 0 dB, respectively; 100% accuracy was never achieved. Response time was about 2.0–2.5 s for high SNRs but increased gradually at poorer SNRs. The military relevance of the reported findings is discussed. 相似文献
19.
Tomasz Rzepiński 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》2014,35(4):271-288
The present paper deals with the problem of evaluating empirical evidence for therapeutic decisions in medicine. The article discusses the views of Nancy Cartwright and John Worrall on the function that randomization plays in ascertaining causal relations with reference to the therapies applied. The main purpose of the paper is to present a general idea of alternative method of evaluating empirical evidence. The method builds on data analysis that makes use of rough set theory. The first attempts to apply the method show that it is an interesting alternative to randomized controlled trials. 相似文献
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