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921.
Despite the growing interest on making clinical practice accountable, research on how specific components of professional competence are relevant in actual training/supervision practice is as yet unspecified. This study explores this dynamic aspect of professional supervision. Three supervisory dyads, composed by an experienced supervisor and a doctoral counseling psychology student were used in the study. A qualitative, ethnomethodology-informed design was used to discursively analyze 16 significant episodes (SEs) in actual supervision meetings. This was complemented by 16 follow-up interviews. Three interpretative repertoires – ‘ideals’ – influencing participants’ accounting practices were identified: efficacy, responsiveness, and authenticity. The article discusses how structural (competency-based) and dynamic (practice-based) approaches to accountability can be combined to guide the appraisal of relevant professional competencies. 相似文献
922.
923.
Tomás Lejarraga Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck Daniel Smedema 《Behavior research methods》2017,49(5):1769-1779
The recent introduction of inexpensive eyetrackers has opened up a wealth of opportunities for researchers to study attention in interactive tasks. No software package has previously been available to help researchers exploit those opportunities. We created “the pyeTribe,” a software package that offers, among others, the following features: first, a communication platform between many eyetrackers to allow for simultaneous recording of multiple participants; second, the simultaneous calibration of multiple eyetrackers without the experimenter’s supervision; third, data collection restricted to periods of interest, thus reducing the volume of data and easing analysis. We used a standard economic game (the public goods game) to examine the data quality and demonstrate the potential of our software package. Moreover, we conducted a modeling analysis, which illustrates how combining process and behavioral data can improve models of human decision-making behavior in social situations. Our software is open source. 相似文献
924.
Tom Fruchtman-Steinbok Yael Salzer Avishai Henik Noga Cohen 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2017,70(8):1661-1674
The reciprocal connections between emotion and attention are vital for adaptive behaviour. Previous results demonstrated that the behavioural effects of emotional stimuli on performance are attenuated when executive control is recruited. The current research studied whether this attenuation is modality dependent. In two experiments, negative and neutral pictures were presented shortly before a visual, tactile, or auditory target in a Simon task. All three modalities demonstrated a Simon effect, a conflict adaptation effect, and an emotional interference effect. However, the interaction between picture valence and Simon congruency was found only in the visual task. Specifically, when the Simon target was visual, emotional interference was reduced during incongruent compared to congruent trials. These findings suggest that although the control-related effects observed in the Simon tasks are not modality dependent, the link between emotion and executive control is modality dependent. Presumably, this link occurs only when the emotional stimulus and the target are presented in the same modality. 相似文献
925.
The 23-item Meaningful Life Measure (Morgan and Farsides 2008) comprises five subscales, each designed to assess a distinct component of personal meaning: purposeful life; valued life;
accomplished life; principled life; and exciting life. In addition to providing a comprehensive composite meaning measure,
this instrument presents the possibility of measuring these components separately in future research applications. To demonstrate
the utility of their separate measurement, the present study therefore aimed to show differential patterns of correlation
between these five subscales and meaning correlates identified in the literature. The MLM’s factor structure and internal
reliability were replicated on the present sample. Evidence was then provided for the MLM’s convergent validity, and it was
demonstrated that its five subscales were indeed differently predicted by the meaning correlates from the literature. Findings
attest to the practical utility of a five-factor conceptualisation of meaning in life. In addition to identifying people who
score low and high on different factors of meaning in life, the MLM facilitates the further investigation of specific antecedents and consequences of different meaning components.
相似文献
Jessica MorganEmail: |
926.
J. Richard Eiser Tom Stafford Russell H. Fazio 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2009,100(2):399-413
Connectionist simulation was employed to investigate processes that may underlie the relationships between prior expectancies or prejudices and the acquisition of attitudes, under conditions where learners can only discover the valence of attitude objects through directly experiencing them. We compared contexts analogous to learners holding either false negative expectancies (‘prejudices’) about a subclass of objects that were actually good or false positive expectancies about objects that were actually bad. We introduced expectancy‐related bias either by altering the probability of approach, or by varying the rate of learning following experience with good or bad objects. Where feedback was contingent on approach, the false positive expectancies were corrected by experience, but negative prejudices resisted change, since the network avoided objects deemed to be bad, and so received less corrective feedback. These findings are discussed in relation to the effects of intergroup contact and expectancy‐confirmation processes in reducing or sustaining prejudice. 相似文献
927.
Participants are not always as diligent in reading and following instructions as experimenters would like them to be. When participants fail to follow instructions, this increases noise and decreases the validity of their data. This paper presents and validates a new tool for detecting participants who are not following instructions - the Instructional manipulation check (IMC). We demonstrate how the inclusion of an IMC can increase statistical power and reliability of a dataset. 相似文献
928.
How to get “kissably close”: Examining how advertisers appeal to consumers’ sexual needs and desires 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper explores the nature of sexual appelas—sex-related promises or benefits—in mainstream advertising by describing
types of sex appeals and findings from a sex-benefit content analysis. Overall, our findings reveal that sex is used to appeal
to women and men, although a higher proportion of sexual ads appear in men’s (12%) compared to women’s magazines (6%). In
addition, a variety of sex appeals are directed toward women (attractiveness, behavior, esteem), whereas most appeals directed
toward men emphasize more and better sex. Last, male-only images are relatively absent in sexual ads compared to female-only
(45%) and couples (47%) images. These findings, observations, and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
929.
Recent studies suggest that crowd conflict needs to be understood as an interaction between the crowd and out‐groups such as the police. This paper describes a questionnaire survey in which 80 police officers from 2 United Kingdom forces were asked about their perceptions of crowds, appropriate “public order” policing methods, and attributions of responsibility for crowd conflict. As predicted, police officers saw the composition of crowds as mixed; yet they also constructed a dichotomy between a powerful minority, capable of exerting influence in the service of disorder, and a majority, who are unable to resist this influence. Police officers did not clearly endorse the view that crowds pose a homogeneous threat. They recommended control and quick intervention to prevent the escalation of crowd violence but denied that such methods might themselves contribute to conflict. Path analysis provides suggestive evidence that these perceptions of the crowd are related as part of a coherent ideology. Overall, these results offer support for the elaborated social identity model of crowd behavior as a dynamic intergroup process. 相似文献
930.
A review of recent developments in research and theories on human contingency learning 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jan De Houwer Tom Beckers 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》2002,55(4):289-310
Over the past 20 years, human contingency learning has resurfaced as an important topic within experimental psychology. This renewed interest was sparked mainly by the proposal that associative models of Pavlovian conditioning might also apply to human contingency learning--a proposal that has led to many new empirical findings and theoretical developments. We provide a brief review of these recent developments and try to point to issues that need to be addressed in future research. 相似文献