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991.
Research suggests that social support moderates or “buffers” the impact of stress on the individual and thus indirectly affects
emotional well-being (Cohen and Wills, 1985). The present study sought to extend the “buffering hypothesis” to competitive
sport by examining the influence of perceived coach support on competitive state anxiety among young athletes (N = 270). Results from confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) substantiated the validity of the sport-modified Social Provisions
Scale (Russell and Cutrona, 1984; Ryska and Yin, 1994). Structural equation modeling analyses revealed a significant support-anxiety
effect in the high trait-anxious model only (r =-.27, p .05). The present results suggest that perceived coach support represents an important mediating factor in the sport stress
process among highly anxious athletes. 相似文献
992.
The possibility that facilitative and inhibitory effects of auditory cues result because of a modulation in perceptual sensitivity was examined. Listeners were presented with a cue followed by a target, with the time period between the two varied at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 150,450, or 750 msec. In two conditions, the cue and target were either the same or different in location or frequency. In both conditions, listeners were required to identify the rise time of the target. Whereas the cue was presented in isolation, the target was presented in a wide-band noise background such that the required discrimination was made relatively difficult. In both conditions, a facilitative effect was apparent at the 150-msec SOA and an inhibitory effect was apparent at the 750-msec SOA for both accuracy and response time measures of performance. That these results were apparent for a judgment unrelated to the manipulated cue-target relation suggests strongly that both location-based and frequency-based auditory inhibition of return result primarily because of changes in perceptual sensitivity. 相似文献
993.
In two experiments, we evaluated the ability of human observers to make use of second-order temporal relations across three or more views of an apparent motion sequence for the perceptual analysis of three-dimensional form. Ratings of perceived rigidity were obtained in Experiment 1 for objects rotating in depth that were simultaneously subjected to sinusoidal affine stretching transformations along the line of sight or in a direction parallel to the image plane. Such transformations are theoretically interesting because they cannot be detected by analyses that are restricted to first-order temporal relations (i.e., two views), but they can be detected by more conventional analyses of structure from motion in which second-order temporal relations over three or more views are used. The current results show that human observers can perceive stretching transformations of a rotating 3-D object in a direction parallel to the image plane but that they fail to perceive stretching transformations along the line of sight. This result suggests that human observers can make use of some limited second-order temporal information. This finding was confirmed in Experiment 2, in which we investigated the effects of several specific optical consequences of sinusoidal stretching transformations applied in different directions. The results indicate that observers may be sensitive to the sign of acceleration, but that. they cannot make use of the precise magnitude of second-order relations necessary to recover euclidean metric structure. 相似文献
994.
Empathic joy and the empathy-altruism hypothesis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
C D Batson J G Batson J K Slingsby K L Harrell H M Peekna R M Todd 《Journal of personality and social psychology》1991,61(3):413-426
Three experiments tested whether empathy evokes egoistic motivation to share vicariously in the victim's joy at improvement (the empathic-joy hypothesis) instead of altruistic motivation to increase the victim's welfare (the empathy-altruism hypothesis). In Experiment 1, Ss induced to feel either low or high empathy for a young woman in need were given a chance to help her. Some believed that if they helped they would receive feedback about her improvement; others did not. In Experiments 2 and 3, Ss induced to feel either low or high empathy were given a choice of getting update information about a needy person's condition. Before choosing, they were told the likelihood of the person's condition having improved--and of their experiencing empathic joy--was 20%, was 50%, or was 80%. Results of none of the experiments patterned as predicted by the empathic-joy hypothesis; instead, results of each were consistent with the empathy-altruism hypothesis. 相似文献
995.
In this Virtual Special Issue (VSI), we curate and discuss a set of 28 articles previously published in the American Journal of Community Psychology (AJCP) focused on lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) communities. The purpose of this VSI is to bring visibility to this body of scholarship in AJCP and to reflect on how the strengths of our field have been used throughout this work in pursuit of supporting LGBTQ wellbeing. In this VSI, we first discuss articles that help to set the historical background for publications in AJCP. We then discuss papers under the broad themes of HIV/AIDS, identities within ecological context, and social activism among LGBTQ communities. We then reflect on opportunities for our field to further leverage our strengths in contributing to LGBTQ scholarship. Overall, this VSI celebrates the contributions to LGBTQ research already present in AJCP, and we hope inspires future contributions to the pages of AJCP and beyond. 相似文献
996.
Abstract : Since before 1970 Christian researchers have been tracking the massive demographic shift of Christianity to the Southern Hemisphere and noting the increasingly religious nature of populations around the world. At the same time, writers on the future of religion have been drawn to extreme portrayals of decline or revival of religion. However, the world's religious situation is replete with detailed information, drawn from enormous data collections on religious affiliation and questions about religion in government censuses. Quantitative tools, utilizing this information in the context of demography provide a more nuanced view of humankind's religious future. Demographic trends coupled with conservative estimates of conversions and defections envision over 80% of the world's population will continue to be affiliated with religions 200 years into the future. This religious future will have a profound influence on Christian theology, relations between religions, and the interaction between religion and politics. 相似文献
997.
Jill M. Holm-Denoma Kathryn H. Gordon Anna M. Bardone-Cone Kathleen D. Vohs Lyn Y. Abramson Todd F. Heatherton Thomas E. Joiner Jr. 《Behavior Therapy》2005,36(4):311-321
An interactive model of bulimic symptom development, first suggested by Vohs et al. (1999), was tested in adult women (mean age = 45.19). The following hypothesis was examined in a longitudinal design over 2.5 years: Women high in perfectionism, low in self-esteem, and who perceive themselves as overweight would be the most likely to experience an increase in bulimic symptoms. Results supported the model with regard to maintenance and exacerbation, but not onset, of bulimic symptoms. Furthermore, the interactive model was tested to see if it showed specificity to bulimic, versus depressive or anxious, symptoms. Some support for the model's specificity to bulimic symptoms was observed; however, the increase of anxious symptoms was also observed. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
998.
Fallon R. Goodman David J. Disabato Todd B. Kashdan Kyla A. Machell 《Journal of personality》2017,85(3):423-434
We examined how personality strengths prospectively predict reactions to negative life events. Participants were 797 community adults from 42 countries. At five points over the course of 1 year, participants completed a series of questionnaires measuring seven personality strengths (hope, grit, meaning in life, curiosity, gratitude, control beliefs, and use of strengths), subjective well‐being, and frequency and severity of negative life events. Using hierarchical linear modeling with assessment periods nested within participants, results from lagged analyses found that only hope emerged as a resilience factor. To illustrate the importance of using appropriate lagged analyses in resilience research, we ran nonlagged analyses; these results suggest that all seven personality strengths moderated the effect of negative life events on subjective well‐being, with greater strengths associated with healthier outcomes. To provide evidence that personality strengths confer resilience, a prospective examination is needed with the inclusion of events and responses to them. The use of concurrent methodologies and analyses, which is the norm in psychology, often leads to erroneous conclusions. Hope, the ability to generate routes to reach goals and the motivation to use those routes, was shown to be particularly important in promoting resilience. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Patrick E. Downes Amy L. Kristof-Brown Timothy A. Judge Todd C. Darnold 《Journal of business and psychology》2017,32(2):197-215