The effect of functional morphemes on word segmentation in preverbal infants

This study examines the role of functional morphemes in the earliest stage of lexical development. Recent research showed that prelinguistic infants can perceive functional morphemes. We inquire whether infants use frequent functors to segment potential word forms. French-learning 8-month-olds were familiarized to two utterance types: a novel noun following a functor, and another novel noun following a prosodically matched nonsense functor. After familiarization, infants' segmentation of the two nouns was assessed in a test phase presenting the nouns in isolation. Infants in Experiment 1 showed evidence of using both frequent functors des and mes (as opposed to the nonsense functor kes) to segment the nouns, suggesting also that they had specific representations of the functors. The infrequent functor vos in Experiment 2 did not facilitate segmentation. Frequency is thus a crucial factor. Our findings demonstrate that frequent functors can bootstrap infants into early lexical learning. Furthermore, the effect of functors for initial word segmentation is likely universal.     

贵州省道教协会成立

2007年11月21日,贵州省道教第一次代表会议在贵阳举行.贵州省人大常委会副主任杨序颐、政协副主席唐世礼出席会议并讲话.会议审议并通过了<贵州省道教协会章程>,选举产生了贵州省道教协会第一届理事会和领导班子,张崇新当选为省道教协会会长,徐达双、唐至宗、邓信德、令狐昌乾等4人当选为副会长.     

妈妈与女儿的对话

女儿：中国地质大学大一学生 妈妈：中国无神论学会理事 女儿：妈妈,我的辅导员向我介绍了一本书《心灵的自救》（peace in mind）。据说它在美国畅销了50多年。现在国内也很热销。我觉得它特别符合我的想法,好像它解决了我好多关于人生、对社会的看法问题。所以我想让它成为手边书,能经常参照着做。     

模糊容忍性：研究回顾、现状与展望

模糊容忍性是个体或群体面对一系列不熟悉的、复杂的、或不一致的线索时,对模棱两可的环境刺激信息进行知觉和加工的方式。基于国内外相关研究,文章回顾了模糊容忍性的概念界定和研究历史,认为当前研究现状集中于模糊容忍性的测量及其与组织、文化、个体认知和其他人格变量之间的关系方面。其中,模糊容忍性与创造性的关系尤其值得关注。文章据此给出了未来开展该领域研究的几点建议。     

Online interpretation of scalar quantifiers: insight into the semantics-pragmatics interface

Scalar implicature has served as a test case for exploring the relations between semantic and pragmatic processes during language comprehension. Most studies have used reaction time methods and the results have been variable. In these studies, we use the visual-world paradigm to investigate implicature. We recorded participants’ eye movements during commands like “Point to the girl that has some of the socks” in the presence of a display in which one girl had two of four socks and another had three of three soccer balls. These utterances contained an initial period of ambiguity in which the semantics of some was compatible with both characters. This ambiguity could be immediately resolved by a pragmatic implicature which would restrict some to a proper subset. Instead in Experiments 1 and 2, we found that participants were substantially delayed, suggesting a lag between semantic and pragmatic processing. In Experiment 3, we examined interpretations of some when competitors were inconsistent with the semantics (girl with socks vs. girl with no socks). We found quick resolution of the target, suggesting that previous delays were specifically linked to pragmatic analysis.     

Are errors differentiable from deceptive responses when feigning memory impairment? An fMRI study

Previous neuroimaging studies have suggested that the neural activity associated with truthful recall, with false memory, and with feigned memory impairment are different from one another. Here, we report a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study that addressed an important but yet unanswered question: Is the neural activity associated with intentional faked responses and with errors differentiable? Using a word list learning recognition paradigm, the findings of this mixed event-related fMRI study clearly indicated that the brain activity associated with intentional faked responses was different to the activity associated with errors committed unintentionally. For intentional faked responses, significant activation was found in the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the posterior cingulate region, and the precuneus. However, no significant activation was observed for unintentional errors. The results suggest that deception, in terms of feigning memory impairment, is not only more cognitively demanding than making unintentional errors but also utilizes different cognitive processes.     

初中生成就目标定向和自我效能与学业求助关系研究

本研究采用结构方程模型和因素分析的方法考察了7、8、9年级学生成就目标定向、自我效能与学业求助关系,研究结果表明:①初中生成就目标定向与学业求助的关系比较密切;②初中生成就日标对求助行为的影响部分是以自我效能和学业求助态度为中介变量进行传递的.     

8岁到成年期工作记忆广度的发展

工作记忆与认知能力、智力和学习能力有密切的联系.本研究采用横断研究的方法,测量了213名8岁到成年期被试的数字、词语和视空间工作记忆广度,探查了工作记忆广度的发展情况.结果发现,数字工作记忆广度在此期间持续增长,词语广度在18岁达到最高,视空间工作记忆广度在14-16岁达到高峰.不同任务的工作记忆广度具有相似的发展趋势,但工作记忆的平均广度分数与Pascual-Leone模型的预测并不一致.     

试论情绪弹性

该文首先提出情绪弹性的概念,并对其概念进行界定和说明,在此基础上利用函数公式及图形对其影响因素、类型进行描述和分析,并探讨了情绪弹性与情绪调节的关系及其研究意义。     

2009年宗教界人士迎春茶话会在全国政协礼堂举行

1月21日上午,中共中央统战部、全国政协民族和宗教委员会、国家宗教事务局在全国政协礼堂举行2009年宗教界人士迎春茶话会.全国政协副主席兼秘书长钱运录出席茶话会,并与全国性宗教团体负责人进行了亲切交谈,希望宗教界人士在新的一年里积极参政议政、建言献策,进一步发挥宗教界在促进经济社会发展中的积极作用.