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171.
A tetrad test for causal indicators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The authors propose a confirmatory tetrad analysis test to distinguish causal from effect indicators in structural equation models. The test uses "nested" vanishing tetrads that are often implied when comparing causal and effect indicator models. The authors present typical models that researchers can use to determine the vanishing tetrads for 4 or more variables. They also provide the vanishing tetrads for mixtures of causal and effect indicators, for models with fewer than 4 indicators per latent variable, or for cases with correlated errors. The authors illustrate the test results for several simulation and empirical examples and emphasize that their technique is a theory-testing rather than a model-generating approach. They also review limitations of the procedure including the indistinguishable tetrad equivalent models, the largely unknown finite sample behavior of the test statistic, and the inability of any procedure to fully validate a model specification. 相似文献
172.
运用行为和fMRI技术, 通过比较动态刺激与静态刺激审美判断的行为和脑机制的异同探讨动态性对简笔画动物审美的影响, 包括两个实验。结果发现, 动态简笔画动物的美观程度评分和喜欢程度评分都显著高于静态简笔画动物。同时, 动态简笔画动物审美判断激活的区域基本涵盖了静态简笔画动物审美所激活的区域, 二者都激活了枕叶区等视觉加工区域、额叶区等认知加工区域、眶额叶皮层等奖赏区域以及海马、脑岛、扣带回、杏仁核等情绪加工区域。与静态简笔画动物的审美相比, 动态简笔画动物的审美显著激活了双侧舌回、双侧MT。本研究结果表明, 动态性影响了对简笔画动物的审美, 动态简笔画动物比静态简笔画动物被判断为更加美观。 相似文献
173.
Chinese Proverb Scale: Development and validation of an indigenous measure of Chinese traditional values 下载免费PDF全文
Shengquan Ye Ting Kin Ng Erin Yiqing Lu Zewei Ma 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2018,21(3):156-177
The aim of this study was to develop and validate an indigenous measure of Chinese traditional values using Chinese proverbs. A sample of 363 Mainland Chinese undergraduates participated in Study 1, in which a 26‐item Chinese Proverb Scale (CPS) was developed through factor analysis on an initial pool of 118 Chinese proverbs. Four factors were clearly identified: (a) Diligence, (b) Integrity, (c) Self‐Preservation, and (d) Self‐Interest. The CPS showed satisfactory convergent validity with personal values (S. H. Schwartz, 1992, Advances In Experimental Social Psychology, San Diego, Academic Press) and social axioms (K. Leung et al., 2002, Journal of Cross‐Cultural Psychology, 33, p. 286). For incremental validity, the CPS predicted life satisfaction beyond the Big Five personality, personal values, and social axioms. In Study 2, a sample of 239 Mainland Chinese participants completed the CPS across two measurement occasions with an interval of 6 months. Longitudinal structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed the structure of the CPS was robust and invariant over time. In Study 3, a sample of 167 Chinese undergraduates from Hong Kong responded to an adapted version of the CPS. Multigroup SEM showed structural equivalence of the scale across the mainland and Hong Kong samples. The cultural origins of the factors in the CPS and future applications of the scale in various research areas are discussed. 相似文献
174.
The valence–arousal conflict theory assumes that both valence and arousal will trigger approaching or withdrawing tendencies. It also predicts that the speed of processing emotional stimuli will depend on whether valence and arousal trigger conflicting or congruent motivational tendencies. However, most previous studies have provided evidence of the interaction between valence and arousal only, and have not provided direct proof of the interactive links between valence, arousal and motivational tendencies. The present study provides direct evidence for the relationship between approach–withdrawal tendencies and the valence–arousal conflict. In an empirical test, participants were instructed to judge the valence of emotional words after visual–spatial cues that appeared to be either approaching or withdrawing from participants. A three-way interaction (valence, arousal, and approach–withdrawal tendency) was observed such that the response time was shorter if participants responded to a negative high-arousal stimulus after a withdrawing cue, or to a positive low-arousal stimulus after an approaching cue. These findings suggest that the approach–withdrawal tendency indeed plays a crucial role in valence–arousal conflict, and that the effect depends on the congruency of valence, arousal and tendency at an early stage of processing. 相似文献
175.
Ting?JiangEmail author Wenfeng?Zhang Wen?Wen Haiting?Zhu Han?Du Xiangru?Zhu Xuefei?Gao Hongchuan?Zhang Qi?Dong Chuansheng?ChenEmail author 《Memory & cognition》2016,44(1):162-170
One debate in mathematical cognition centers on the single-representation model versus the two-representation model. Using an improved number Stroop paradigm (i.e., systematically manipulating physical size distance), in the present study we tested the predictions of the two models for number magnitude processing. The results supported the single-representation model and, more importantly, explained how a design problem (failure to manipulate physical size distance) and an analytical problem (failure to consider the interaction between congruity and task-irrelevant numerical distance) might have contributed to the evidence used to support the two-representation model. This study, therefore, can help settle the debate between the single-representation and two-representation models. 相似文献
176.
在科学史上,许多著名的科学家如伽利略、布鲁诺、塞尔维特等一批著名的自然科学家都惨遭“宗教裁判所”的审判,伽利略受到了侮辱,布鲁诺受到了“火刑”,他们在那样的时代,为了科学的进步都付出了昂贵的代价,甚至是生命的代价在他们所处的时代,他们为什么会不顾个人的安危来从事并没有任何功利性的科学事业呢?要想了解宗教裁判所为什么迫害自然科学家 相似文献
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178.
Ramadhar Singh Joseph J. P. Simons Dawn Patricia C. Y. Young Berwine S. X. Sim Xiau Ting Chai Smita Singh Siao Ying Chiou 《European journal of social psychology》2009,39(6):1021-1038
Mediators of the effects of other‐profitable (e.g., sincere vs. irresponsible) or self‐profitable (e.g., intelligent vs. unintelligent) traits on attraction were investigated. In Experiment 1 (N = 256), valence of a single other‐ or self‐profitable trait was varied, and trust in, respect for, and attraction toward the partner were measured. The three constructs were distinct. Moreover, the effects of the other‐profitable traits on attraction were solely mediated by trust, and those of the self‐profitable traits were mediated more strongly by respect than trust. In Experiment 2 (N = 144), an other‐profitable trait was crossed with the self‐profitable one, and diagnosticity ratings of those traits for the partner's warmth and competence and the previous three responses were taken. The five constructs were empirically distinct. Although trust mediated the effect of other‐profitable trait on attraction, there was a direct effect also. Respect was the sole mediator of the self‐profitable trait effect. Theoretical and methodological implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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