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排序方式: 共有294条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Cognitive and linguistic skills in Swedish children with cochlear implants - measures of accuracy and latency as indicators of development 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Wass M Ibertsson T Lyxell B Sahlén B Hällgren M Larsby B Mäki-Torkko E 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2008,49(6):559-576
The purpose of the present study was to examine working memory (WM) capacity, lexical access and phonological skills in 19 children with cochlear implants (CI) (5;7-13;4 years of age) attending grades 0-2, 4, 5 and 6 and to compare their performance with 56 children with normal hearing. Their performance was also studied in relation to demographic factors. The findings indicate that children with CI had visuospatial WM capacities equivalent to the comparison group. They had lower performance levels on most of the other cognitive tests. Significant differences between the groups were not found in all grades and a number of children with CI performed within 1 SD of the mean of their respective grade-matched comparison group on most of the cognitive measures. The differences between the groups were particularly prominent in tasks of phonological WM. The results are discussed with respect to the effects of cochlear implants on cognitive development. 相似文献
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Ellen W. Leen-Feldner Michael J. Zvolensky Joelle van Lent Anka A. Vujanovic Tina Bleau Amit Bernstein Amy Bielawski-Branch Matthew T. Feldner 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(2):69-79
The present study evaluated associations among smoking and anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety and anxiety related sensations)
in predicting panic attack symptomatology, somatic complaints, and depressive symptomatology in a community sample of adolescents
(ages 12 to 17 years; N=206). As predicted, the combination of high levels of anxiety sensitivity and being a current smoker predicted panic symptomatology
and somatic complaints, but not depressive symptomatology. These findings suggest anxiety sensitivity may moderate the relation
between smoking and prototypical panic psychopathology variables (panic attacks and somatic complaints) even after controlling
for gender and negative affectivity, and that these associations are specific to panic-relevant processes. The primary implication
of the study findings is that there may be segments of the adolescent population who are at relatively greater risk for panic-related
problems by virtue of individual differences in AS and smoking status.
相似文献
Ellen W. Leen-FeldnerEmail: |
54.
Geraerts E Kozarić-Kovacić D Merckelbach H Peraica T Jelicic M Candel I 《Consciousness and cognition》2007,16(1):170-177
Several authors have argued that traumatic experiences are processed and remembered in a qualitatively different way from neutral events. To investigate this issue, we interviewed 121 Croatian war veterans diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) about amnesia, intrusions (i.e., flashbacks and nightmares), and the sensory qualities of their most horrific war memories. Additionally, they completed a self-report scale measuring dissociative experiences. In contrast to what one would expect on the basis of theories emphasizing the special status of traumatic memories, amnesia, and high frequency intrusions were not particularly typical for our sample of traumatized individuals. Moreover, traumatic memories were not qualitatively different from neutral memories with respect to their stability and sensory qualities. The severity of PTSD symptoms was not significantly correlated with dissociative experiences. Our findings do not support the existence of special memory mechanisms that are unique to experiencing traumatic events. 相似文献
55.
Tina Langer Eva Walther Bertram Gawronski Hartmut Blank 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(6):1232-1237
The present research investigated the role of cognitive balance vs. associative transfer of valence in attitude change. Participants first formed positive or negative attitudes toward several source individuals. Subsequently, participants were shown source–target pairs along with information about the source–target relationship (‘likes’/‘dislikes’). Afterwards, participants’ attitudes toward the sources were changed by means of information that was opposite to the initially induced attitude. In a control condition, initial source attitudes remained unqualified. Results in the control condition showed that initially formed attitudes and available relationship information produced target evaluations that were consistent with the notion of cognitive balance. However, when attitudes toward the sources changed, target evaluations directly matched attitudes toward individually associated sources, irrespective of the relation between source and target. These results suggest that associative transfer of valence can disrupt the emergence of cognitive balance after attitude change. 相似文献
56.
Lateralization of egocentric and allocentric spatial processing after parietal brain lesions 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tina Iachini Gennaro Ruggiero Massimiliano Conson Luigi Trojano 《Brain and cognition》2009,69(3):514-520
The purpose of this paper was to verify whether left and right parietal brain lesions may selectively impair egocentric and allocentric processing of spatial information in near/far spaces. Two Right-Brain-Damaged (RBD), 2 Left-Brain-Damaged (LBD) patients (not affected by neglect or language disturbances) and eight normal controls were submitted to the Ego-Allo Task requiring distance judgments computed according to egocentric or allocentric frames of reference in near/far spaces. Subjects also completed a general neuropsychological assessment and the following visuospatial tasks: reproduction of the Rey-Osterreith figure, line length judgement, point position identification, mental rotation, mental construction, line length memory, line length inference, Corsi block-tapping task. LBD patients presented difficulties in both egocentric and allocentric processing, whereas RBD patients dropped in egocentric but not in allocentric judgements, and in near but not far space. Further, RBD patients dropped in perceptually comparing linear distances, whereas LBD patients failed in memory for distances. The overall pattern of results suggests that the right hemisphere is specialized in processing metric information according to egocentric frames of reference. The data are interpreted according to a theoretical model that highlights the close link between egocentric processing and perceptual control of action. 相似文献
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Angelo S. DeNisi Tina L. Robbins Timothy P. Summers 《Journal of applied social psychology》1997,27(21):1884-1905
There is a history of interest in appraisal instruments as a means of improving the accuracy of ratings. But cognitive models have suggested an alternative role for instrumentation. The present study involved 125 subjects in an attempt to examine whether the format of the instrument, and the timing of its introduction, might influence cognitive processing of performance information and, in turn, recall and rating accuracy. Subjects received either a task- or trait-based instrument, either before observing performance, before a recall task, or before ratings. Both the type of scale and the timing of its introduction affected the organization of information in memory which, in turn, was related to recall accuracy. Rater judgment processes were affected as well. Implications for future research, and especially practice, are discussed. 相似文献
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Jacques-Tiura AJ Abbey A Parkhill MR Zawacki T 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2007,33(11):1467-1480
Although many researchers have documented men's tendency to misperceive women's friendliness as a sign of sexual interest, few have examined individual differences in men's attitudes and past experiences that might predict their likelihood of making these types of misjudgments. We applied an expanded version of Malamuth, Sockloskie, Koss, and Tanaka's (1991) Confluence model to predict frequency of misperception of women's sexual intent with a sample of 356 male college students. Using structural equation modeling, hostile masculinity, impersonal sex, and drinking in dating and sexual situations predicted men's frequency of misperception. Furthermore, the more risk factors men possessed, the more times they misperceived women's sexual intentions. Suggestions are made for theory development and future research incorporating situational as well as personality measures in longitudinal studies. 相似文献