The Role of Social and Cognitive Processes in the Relationship Between Fear Network and Psychological Distress Among Parents of Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

The current study examined whether cognitive and social processing variables mediated the relationship between fear network and depression among parents of children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Parents whose children were initiating HSCT (N = 179) completed survey measures including fear network, Beck Depression Inventory, cognitive processing variables (positive reappraisal and self-blame) and social processing variables (emotional support and holding back from sharing concerns). Fear network was positively correlated with depression (p < .001). Self-blame and holding back emerged as individual partial mediators in the relationship between fear network and depression. Together they accounted for 34.3 % of the variance in the relationship between fear network and depression. Positive reappraisal and emotional support did not have significant mediating effects. Social and cognitive processes, specifically self-blame and holding back from sharing concerns, play a negative role in parents’ psychological adaptation to fears surrounding a child’s HSCT.     

Comparison of activation level between true and false items in the DRM paradigm

The aim of the present study was to compare the activation levels of true and false memories in the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) paradigm. For this purpose, we used a lexical decision task (LDT) that can be considered a relative pure measure of activation. Participants had to study a list of words that were semantically associated to a critical non-presented word (CI), and afterwards had to classify the actually studied words, the CI and new words in the LDT. Results indicated that the classification latency of the CI was the same as actually studied words and shorter than new words. The results might be interpreted as evidence that the false and true memory items have the same activation level and that the false memory effect can be based on the indirect activation of the CI at the encoding.     

Selective effects of errorful generation on recognition memory: the role of motivation and surprise

ABSTRACT

The current research examined the effects of errorful generation on memory, focusing particularly on the roles of motivation and surprise. In two experiments, participants were first presented with photographs of faces and were asked to associate four facts with each photograph. On Generate trials, the participants guessed two of the facts (Guess targets) before those correct facts, and another two correct facts (Study targets), were revealed. On the remaining Read trials, all four facts were presented without a guessing stage. In Experiment 1, participants also ranked their motivation to know the answers before they were revealed, or their surprise on learning the true answers. Guess targets were subsequently better recognised than the concurrently presented, non-guessed Study targets. Guess targets were also better recognised than Read targets, and recognition of Study and Read targets did not differ. Errorful generation also increased self-reported motivation, but not surprise. Experiment 2 showed that the results of Experiment 1 can outlive a 20-minute delay, and that they generalise to a more challenging recognition test. Together, the results suggest that errorful generation improves memory specifically for the guessed fact, and this may be linked to an increase in motivation to learn that fact.     

Extending the job design perspective on individual innovation: Exploring the effect of group reflexivity

Extending previous research on group reflexivity as a group level predictor of individual innovation, we examined group reflexivity as a possible moderator of the effect of job control and task complexity on individual innovation. We obtained data on job and group characteristics from 135 members of software development teams; line managers provided ratings on individual innovation. Data were analysed using hierarchical linear modelling. Results lend further support to a positive effect of job design on individual innovation, but no effect was found for group reflexivity. The interplay between job design and group reflexivity reveals a more complex picture. While the positive effect of job control is augmented in the presence of high reflexivity, in contrast, task complexity is negatively associated with innovation in teams with high reflexivity. Results are discussed from a time and cognitive resource perspective. Furthermore, the development of context‐specific models on group reflexivity is proposed.     

Is it Racist? Addressing Racial Microaggressions in Counselor Training

This article describes a series of activities for educating counselors regarding a form of racism dubbed racial microaggressions. Meaning and impact of microaggressions are examined. Activities for responding to microaggressions can be applied to clinical and school contexts, and are useful for educators in professional and university settings.     

Metric properties of spatial images generated from locomotion: The effect of absolute size on mental scanning

The mental scanning paradigm has demonstrated that the time taken to scan the mental visual image of a map is linearly related to the scanned distances. The experiments reported here aimed at exploring the influence of two factors on mental scanning: (1) the modality through which the environment is explored, that is visual locomotion; and (2) the size of the environment. Three groups of participants had to study three paths of different sizes: large, intermediate and small. After walking on the paths, participants had to mentally scan them. In Experiment 1 an effect of the absolute size was found, which was due to the participants who took longer and relied on a kinaesthetic strategy to study the path. Experiment 2 was a repetition of the first but the duration of the learning time was controlled. A significant difference between size conditions due to longer scanning times for the larger configuration was found. Experiment 3 compared two learning strategies: visual and kinaesthetic. Also in this case a significant size effect due to longer latencies for scanning over the larger configuration was found. In all experiments a significant effect of distance and the typical time–distance coefficients of mental scanning were also found. Results suggest that the learning time duration and the spatial kinaesthetic strategy are both important for encoding the actual size of the environment.     

For HE tells me so: Techniques of neutralization applied to Christian domestic discipline

ABSTRACT

Christian Domestic Discipline (CDD) advocates wifely submission and male dominance through religiously justified punishment. Using publicly available anonymous testimonials and websites devoted to CDD this research examines how male heads of household, their female partners and the CDD community use techniques of neutralization to rationalize this practice. Our research shows how techniques of neutralization draw upon larger cultural norms, disseminated through organizations, and used in relationships to maintain hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity. In so doing we emphasize how the recreation of gender inequality is accomplished in relations of domination and subordination at the macro, meso, and micro levels of analysis. We find that hegemonic masculinity and emphasized femininity as a cultural ideal is embedded in institutions, in this case religion, promulgated by religious organizations (CDD and churches) and used as a resource in interaction in the formation of an identity as Christian that centers on the idea that men are in power and have control over women.     

Sex Rules: The Edicts of Income in Exotic Dancing

This research examines how dancers view the rules that are intended to control/regulate the interaction between customer and dancer. Rules from a variety of clubs are examined. Data were gleaned from interviews with 133 female dancers in several cities and level of clubs. Data from dancers indicate these rules, in practice, allow dancers to control their sexuality and activities and thereby benefit in the form of income.