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951.
Brandon C. McKinney Wilson Sze Benjamin Lee Geoffrey G. Murphy 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2009,92(4):519-528
Previously, we demonstrated that mice in which the gene for the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel CaV1.3 is deleted (CaV1.3 knockout mice) exhibit an impaired ability to consolidate contextually-conditioned fear. Given that this form of Pavlovian fear conditioning is critically dependent on the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), we were interested in the mechanisms by which CaV1.3 contributes to BLA neurophysiology. In the present study, we used in vitro amygdala slices prepared from CaV1.3 knockout mice and wild-type littermates to explore the role of CaV1.3 in long-term potentiation (LTP) and intrinsic neuronal excitability in the BLA. We found that LTP in the lateral nucleus (LA) of the BLA, induced by high-frequency stimulation of the external capsule, was significantly reduced in CaV1.3 knockout mice. Additionally, we found that BLA principal neurons from CaV1.3 knockout mice were hyperexcitable, exhibiting significant increases in firing rates and decreased interspike intervals in response to prolonged somatic depolarization. This aberrant increase in neuronal excitability appears to be at least in part due to a concomitant reduction in the slow component of the post-burst afterhyperpolarization. Together, these results demonstrate altered neuronal function in the BLA of CaV1.3 knockout mice which may account for the impaired ability of these mice to consolidate contextually-conditioned fear. 相似文献
952.
Associative learning is critical to normal cognitive development in children. However, young adults typically outperform children on paired‐associate tasks involving visual, verbal and spatial location stimuli. The present experiment investigated cross‐modal odour–place associative memory in children (7–10 years) and young adults (18–24 years). During the study phase, six odours were individually presented and paired with one of 12 spatial locations on a board. During the test phase, participants were presented with the six stimuli individually and were asked to place each stimulus on the correct spatial location. Children committed significantly more errors on the odour–place task than did young adults. However, item recognition memory for the odours or spatial locations involved in the odour–place associative memory task was similar between children and young adults. Therefore, poor odour–place associative memory in children did not result from impaired memory for the individual odours or spatial locations involved in the associations. The results suggest that cross‐modal associative memory is not fully developed in children. 相似文献
953.
This study explored the discriminant validity of optimism and hope in accounting for unique variance in depression and life satisfaction for 334 secondary school students from Singapore. Correlational analysis showed that optimism and hope were significantly correlated with each other. Hierarchical multiple regression findings indicated that both optimism and hope significantly predicted depression and life satisfaction even after controlling for hope and optimism, respectively. However, the incremental unique variance accounted for in depression by optimism is 6% more than that accounted for by hope in terms of R2 Change values. Simultaneous multiple regression analyses using the subscale scores found that only agency, optimism, and pessimism contributed uniquely to the variance in depression and life satisfaction. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
954.
In the introduction to this special issue, we discuss the development of Wittgenstein's thought, distinguish what we take to be well-travelled versus less well-travelled aspects of his philosophy of psychological phenomena and summarize the diverse contributions to this collection. In order to do so, we briefly discuss the extent to which his writings themselves can properly serve as a basis for psychological theory and method. 相似文献
955.
Bishara AJ Pleskac TJ Fridberg DJ Yechiam E Lucas J Busemeyer JR Finn PR Stout JC 《决策行为杂志》2009,22(4):435-454
Performance on complex decision-making tasks may depend on a multitude of processes. Two such tasks, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), are of particular interest because they are associated with real world risky behavior, including illegal drug use. We used cognitive models to disentangle underlying processes in both tasks. Whereas behavioral measures from the IGT and BART were uncorrelated, cognitive models revealed two reliable cross-task associations. Results suggest that the tasks similarly measure loss aversion and decision-consistency processes, but not necessarily the same learning process. Additionally, substance-using individuals (and especially stimulant users) performed worse on the IGT than healthy controls did, and this pattern could be explained by reduced decision consistency. 相似文献
956.
Eric Scott Sills Sarah Ellen Murphy 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2009,4(1):8-15
The development of in vitro fertilisation (IVF) as a treatment for human infertilty was among the most controversial medical achievements of the modern
era. In Ireland, the fate and status of supranumary (non-transferred) embryos derived from IVF brings challenges both for
clinical practice and public health policy because there is no judicial or legislative framework in place to address the medical,
scientific, or ethical uncertainties. Complex legal issues exist regarding informed consent and ownership of embryos, particularly
the use of non-transferred embryos if a couple separates or divorces. But since case law is only beginning to emerge from
outside Ireland and because legislation on IVF and human embryo status is entirely absent here, this matter is poised to raise
contractual, constitutional and property law issues at the highest level. Our analysis examines this medico-legal challenge
in an Irish context, and summarises key decisions on this issue rendered from other jurisdictions. The contractual issues
raised by the Roche case regarding informed consent and the implications the initial judgment may have for future disputes over embryos are also
discussed. Our research also considers a putative Constitutional 'right to procreate' and the implications EU law may have
for an Irish case concerning the fate of frozen embryos. Since current Medical Council guidelines are insufficient to ensure
appropriate regulation of the advanced reproductive technologies in Ireland, the report of the Commission on Assisted Human
Reproduction is most likely to influence embryo custody disputes. Public policy requires the establishment and implementation
of a more comprehensive legislative framework within which assisted reproductive medical services are offered. 相似文献
957.
Timothy P. Daniels 《Contemporary Islam》2009,3(3):317-320
Book review of Muslims and Tolerance; Non-Muslim Minorities under Shariah in Indonesia written by Pramono U. Tanthowi. 相似文献
958.
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960.
Stevens-Adams SM Goldsmith TE Butler KM 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2012,65(6):1035-1043
Three experiments assessed the relationships between false memories of words and their degree of connectedness within individual semantic networks. In the first two experiments, participants studied associated word lists (e.g., hot, winter, ice), completed a recognition test that included related nonstudied words (e.g., cold, snow), and then rated the semantic relatedness of all word pairs including studied and nonstudied words. In the third experiment, the task order was reversed; participants completed pairwise ratings and then, two weeks later, completed the false memory task. The relatedness ratings were analysed using the Pathfinder scaling algorithm. In all experiments, items that an individual falsely recognized had higher semantic Pathfinder node densities than those items correctly rejected. 相似文献