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41.
We investigated how classroom ethnic diversity is associated with peer victimization, effects of ethnic minority/majority status, and if individual teacher support can buffer potentially negative effects of ethnic diversity. Using two theoretical perspectives (balance of power, ethnic competition), we hypothesized that (1) victimization is more prevalent at intermediate ethnic diversity and less prevalent at lower and higher ethnic diversity, (2) this curvilinear link is stronger for ethnic majority than minority students, and (3) peer victimization at intermediate levels of ethnic diversity is lower when teacher support is high. We conducted multilevel analyses based on the first wave of the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Survey in Four European Countries (CILS4EU). The analytical sample included 17,882 students, nested in 882 classrooms. Although our hypotheses received no support, the findings showed that diversity was linked to less victimization for ethnic minority student. Teacher support was linked to less victimization for ethnic minority students at every level of classroom diversity but especially when diversity was low and to less victimization for ethnic majority students in classrooms with intermediate to high ethnic diversity. We discuss our findings in light the theoretical approaches and underscore the role of teachers as a protective resource. 相似文献
42.
Several methods are available for analyzing different aspects of behavioral transition matrices, but a comprehensive framework
for their use is lacking. We analyzed parasitoid foraging behavior in environments with different plant species compositions.
The resulting complex data sets were analyzed using the following stepwise procedure. We detected abrupt changes in the event
log files of parasitoids, using a maximum likelihood method. This served as a criterion for splitting the event log files
into two parts. For both parts, Mantel’s test was used to detect differences between first-order transition matrices, whereas
an iterative proportional fitting method was used to find behavioral flows that deviated from random transitions. In addition,
hidden repetitive sequences were detected in the transition matrices on the basis of their relative timing, using Theme. We
discuss the results for the example from a biological context and the comprehensive use of the different methods. We stress
the importance of such a combined stepwise analysis for detecting differences in some parts of event log files. 相似文献
43.
Tibor R. Machan 《The Journal of value inquiry》2002,36(4):605-605
Authors Index
authors index 相似文献44.
Tibor R. Machan 《Philosophia》1983,13(3-4):337-348
45.
The present study replicated and extended research concerning a recently suggested conceptual model of the underlying factors of dimension ratings in assessment centers (ACs) proposed by Hoffman, Melchers, Blair, Kleinmann, and Ladd that includes broad dimension factors, exercise factors, and a general performance factor. We evaluated the criterion-related validity of these different components and expanded their nomological network. Results showed that all components (i.e., broad dimensions, exercises, general performance) were significant predictors of training performance. Furthermore, broad dimensions showed incremental validity beyond exercises and general performance. Finally, relationships between the AC factors and individual difference constructs (e.g., Big Five, core self-evaluations, positive and negative affectivity) supported the construct-related validity of broad dimensions and provided further insights in the nature of the different AC components. 相似文献
46.
Despite the value of weight control goals, the maintenance of healthy eating habits represents a challenge for most. Self-regulatory efforts are often challenged by the presence of high-risk cues (e.g., tempting foods) which provide short-term positive outcomes at the expense of these long-term health objectives. The current study examined contextual influences on self-regulation failure by exploring the effect of cues on an indirect measure of goal value. Two experiments were conducted with undergraduate students which examined the effect of temptation cues on the evaluation of information related to the goal of weight control. Results of Study 1 provided preliminary evidence for the utility of this task as an indirect measure of goal value and showed that food-related primes slowed evaluation response times for weight control-related targets. Study 2 replicated and extended these findings by demonstrating that temptation cues may not only decrease the affective salience of weight control related information but increase the salience of information related to the goal of affect enhancement. These results suggest that self-regulation failure may be influenced by contextual changes in the value of health-related goals. Implications for prevention and intervention efforts are discussed. 相似文献
47.
48.
Tibor Kiss 《World Futures: Journal of General Evolution》2013,69(8):591-599
Sustainable development will shortly become the core issue of our everyday life. This article argues that only a nature-driven economy and society could give a final answer to sustainability questions. 相似文献
49.
Tibor R. Machan 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2013,56(1-4):338-344
Richard Schmitt's case against the psychological defense of capitalism (Inquiry, Vol. 16, No. 2) has merit, but in stating it he attributes to a defender of capitalism the argument that capitalism suits people's innate selfishness. The position more plausibly attributed to the author in question is not only resistant to Schmitt's own arguments but is worth consideration in itself. 相似文献
50.
Tibor Solymosi 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2011,10(3):347-368
Recent work in neurophilosophy has either made reference to the work of John Dewey or independently developed positions similar
to it. I review these developments in order first to show that Dewey was indeed doing neurophilosophy well before the Churchlands
and others, thereby preceding many other mid-twentieth century European philosophers’ views on cognition to whom many present
day philosophers refer (e.g., Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty). I also show that Dewey’s work provides useful tools for evading or
overcoming many issues in contemporary neurophilosophy and philosophy of mind. In this introductory review, I distinguish
between three waves among neurophilosophers that revolve around the import of evolution and the degree of brain-centrism.
Throughout, I emphasize and elaborate upon Dewey’s dynamic view of mind and consciousness. I conclude by introducing the consciousness-as-cooking
metaphor as an alternative to both the consciousness-as-digestion and consciousness-as-dancing metaphors. Neurophilosophical
pragmatism—or neuropragmatism—recognizes the import of evolutionary and cognitive neurobiology for developing a science of
mind and consciousness. However, as the cooking metaphor illustrates, a science of mind and consciousness cannot rely on the
brain alone—just as explaining cooking entails more than understanding the gut—and therefore must establish continuity with
cultural activities and their respective fields of inquiry. Neuropragmatism advances a new and promising perspective on how
to reconcile the scientific and manifest images of humanity as well as how to reconstruct the relationship between science
and the humanities. 相似文献