青少年学生自我价值感特点的初步研究

采用《青少年学生自我价值感量表》对初中一年级到大学四年级共２１８７名青少年学生进行问卷调查,结果发现：（１）不同年级的学生在总体自我价值感、社会取向和个人取得的自我价值感方面差异极显著。（２）男生个人取向的自我价值感显著高于女生,女生社会取向的自我价值感则显著高于男生;男生个人取向的道德价值感高于女生,女生的社会取向的道德价值感则高于男生。（３）重点中学的学生在总体自我价值感、社会取向和个人取向的自我价值感、个人取向的家庭价值感以及社会取向的心理价值感、家庭价值感方面均显著高于非重点中学的学生。     

王母道派试探

战国时期,方仙道和黄老道在燕齐地区流行;而在西北地区,有王母道流行。西王母信仰早在殷周时期便存在,逐渐成熟。以西王母信仰为核心的王母道在战国时期产生,盛行于两汉之际,并在官方和民间流传甚广,对后世的影响深远。     

睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的双系统模型探讨

睡眠剥夺是指由于环境或自身原因无法满足正常睡眠时间的情况。大量实证研究发现, 睡眠剥夺会导致个体在风险决策中更倾向于风险寻求, 同时也有研究表明睡眠剥夺会导致个体风险规避, 而目前尚无统一结论。睡眠剥夺从风险感知、风险容忍、风险决策策略三个方面影响了风险决策, 其心理机制可由认知和情绪双路径模型进行解释, 且脑神经生理学研究也提供了相关证据。未来的研究应该进一步关注：(1)现实工作生活中的睡眠不足对风险决策的影响; (2)睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的理论模型建构。     

Southeast Asian immigrants' perceptions of good adolescents and good parents

The authors examined the extent to which Southeast Asian immigrant parents and adolescents agree on what it means to be a "good" parent and a "good" adolescent. Thirty-six parents and 37 adolescents of Cambodian, Hmong, Lao, and Vietnamese descent participated in a series of focus groups. Content analyses of their discussions showed that good adolescents were obedient, helpful around the house, and respectful to parents and elders, and good parents were those who provide for, nurture, and monitor children's activities. The findings suggest that ideas about good parents and good adolescents are influenced by both the parents' traditions and by adolescents' acculturation to American values.     

Consumer privacy concerns in entrepreneurial contexts: Evidence from an online experiment

The causal link between customer privacy concerns and organizational nature—specifically, entrepreneurial startups versus mature enterprises—remains unexplored. Using an online experiment, this study examines whether consumers' privacy concerns differ between these two types of organizations. Drawing on protection motivation theory, the study investigates whether customers' privacy concerns are stronger toward entrepreneurial startups than toward mature firms when both declare privacy protection. It further explores whether consumer participation in designing privacy protection mechanisms differently affects consumers' privacy concerns toward start-ups versus mature firms. The empirical results of an online experiment using a sample of 373 college students support the study hypotheses that (i) for unilateral privacy protection declarations, consumers' privacy concerns are higher toward entrepreneurial startups, and (ii) when consumers are invited to participate in designing privacy protection mechanisms, consumers' privacy concerns toward entrepreneurial startups significantly decrease. Our findings complement the literature on consumer privacy defensive behaviors by highlighting that consumer privacy concerns are associated with the organizational nature and privacy protection initiatives.     

Investigation of the Multidimensional Model of Job Insecurity in China and the USA

Il y a plus d'une décennie, Ashford, Lee, and Bobko (1989) ont développé un outil de mesure standard permettant évaluer des niveaux individuels d'insécurité au travail. Les années suivantes, des chercheurs se sont demandé si la totalité des mesures composant cet instrument était nécessaire. Nous avons donc examiné l'utilité des différentes dimensions du test multidimensionnel de l'Insécurité au travail de Ashford et al. (1989) aux Etats Unis et en Chine, en éprouvant et élargissant les conclusions antérieures. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'éliminer les dimensions "caractéristiques du travail" et "impuissance" de l'instrument multidimensionnel initial est prématuré dans les deux cultures. D'autres recherches s'avèrent donc nécessaires pour déterminer l'utilité de cet outil dans sa version complète. Les implications de nos résultats sont discutées.
Over a decade ago, Ashford, Lee, and Bobko (1989 ) developed a standard measure for those interested in assessing levels of individual job insecurity. In ensuing years, some researchers have questioned whether the entire measure is necessary. We examined the usefulness of the components of Ashford et al.'s (1989 ) multidimensional measure of job insecurity in both the United States and China, as well as replicating and extending prior findings regarding antecedents and consequences. Our results suggest that the call to eliminate job features or powerlessness from the fully composite measure of job insecurity is premature in both cultures. We call for more research on the utility of the fully operationalised measure. Implications of our findings are discussed.     

柯亨的公正思想初探

近年来,国内学者研究分析的马克思主义成果较多,但大都集中在其重建"微观基础"的方法论以及对历史唯物主义、阶级理论的重新解释和对资本主义的经济分析上面,专门研究分析的马克思主义政治哲学的不多,而专门研究某代表人物公正思想的更少.然而,自由、平等、公正这一人类共同的价值诉求,无疑应该引起我们的高度关注.分析的马克思主义主要代表人物、英国牛津大学柯亨教授(G.A.Cohen),1995年在剑桥大学出版社出版了他研究政治哲学的第一部专著:<自我所有,自由和平等>(Self-ownership,Freedom,and Equality).     

试论批判性思维与逻辑的关系

“批判性思维”一词已成为当今教育界一个十分时髦的术语。心理学家、教育学家、哲学家都在讨论批判性思维。但是,什么是批判性思维?其逻辑基础是什么呢?我们认为,目前学界对此的认识有待进一步澄清。在逻辑学界,批判性思维已成为当前逻辑学教学改革和发展的一种重要方向。有学者认为,批判性思维与非形式逻辑有着密不可分的联系,甚至有人认为批判性思维与非形式逻辑两者可以不加区别交互使用。该文首先考察了心理学家、教育学家和哲学家们分别给出的批判性思维的定义,然后分析批判性思维与非形式逻辑、形式逻辑之间的相互联系与区别,进而认为形式逻辑和非形式逻辑共同构成了批判性思维的逻辑基础。     

Stress-enhanced grain growth in a nanostructured aluminium alloy during spark plasma sintering

In this study, we report on the influence of high pressure on the microstructure evolution of cryomilled nanostructured Al alloy powders during spark plasma sintering (SPS). Our experimental results suggest that the particular mechanism that governs grain growth during SPS depends on the magnitude of the applied pressure. In the case of material consolidated at a high pressure (e.g. 500 MPa), grain coarsening occurs via a combination of thermally activated grain boundary (GB) migration, stress-coupled GB migration and grain rotation-induced grain coalescence. In contrast, in the case of the material consolidated at a low pressure (50 MPa), grain growth occurs primarily via thermally activated GB migration.     

方法影响结果?方法变异的本质、影响及控制

方法变异是由研究方法导致的系统误差.方法变异既可能产生结构层面的影响,也可能产生题目层面的影响;既可能影响单个结构的测量,也可能影响用相同方法研究的多个结构之间的关系,还可能影响用相同方法研究的多个研究之间的关系,进而影响到相关领域的理论建构.在控制方法变异时,可采取过程控制法和统计控制法,最好先用过程控制法.