Testing the efficacy of a new procedure for reducing faking on personality tests within selection contexts

The authors propose a new procedure for reducing faking on personality tests within selection contexts. This computer-based procedure attempts to identify and warn potential fakers early on during the testing process and then give them a chance for recourse. Two field studies were conducted to test the efficacy of the proposed procedure. Study 1 participants were 157 applicants competing for 10 staff positions at a large university located in a southern city in the People's Republic of China. In Study 1, potential fakers received a warning message, whereas nonfakers received a nonwarning (control) message. Study 2 participants were 386 Chinese college students applying for membership of a popular student organization at the same university where Study 1 was conducted. In Study 2, the warning and control messages were randomly assigned to all applicants. Results showed some promise for the proposed procedure, but several practical issues need to be considered.     

麻醉方式的临床决策

外科手术的进步离不开麻醉的配合,麻醉方式的抉择非常重要。如果麻醉达不到预期效果,不仅可以导致手术失败、也会给患者的身心带来伤害、甚至会由此引起医疗纠纷。科技进步、社会发展应运而生微创医学、医学人文学,这是社会的进步和必然趋势,也是麻醉方式选择的理论依据。     

空间方位及SOA对视觉选择注意的影响

该文采用注意线索技术探讨颜色、角度和空间方位对视觉选择性注意的影响。研究结果表明:1)随着突现刺激呈现角度的变化,表现出从左至右的明显的倒“V”字型效应,当突现刺激特征显著时(颜色明显变化),“V”字型效应消失;2)随着SOA的延长,空间角度对选择注意加工的影响越来越显著;3)综合处理空间角度结果表明,被试对“上”方目标的反应速度最快,其次是左和右,对“下”的目标的反应速度最慢,而且相对受SOA的影响较小。     

Explaining the socioeconomic well-being of immigrants and returned migrants: An econometric analysis of the Hong Kong and Canadian censuses of 2001

This article focuses on an explanation of return migration to Hong Kong based not on the economic failure of Hong Kong immigrants, but on their strategic vision to accumulate human capital while abroad, which they then exploit on their return. We found that Hong Kong returnees with degrees earned abroad in 2001 constituted about 20% of the highly educated Hong-Kong resident group, with the largest flow emanating from Canada. An econometric investigation revealed that both the income and the odds of being a manager were significantly higher for returned migrants than for their counterparts who remained in Canada. Our findings suggests that this return migration is motivated by returnees’ ability to exploit their accumulated foreign transnational capital in the context of Hong Kong. Cet article repose sur une explication de la migration de retour vers Hong Kong, motivée non pas par la faillite économique des immigrants de Hong Kong, mais plutôt par leur vision stratégique consistant à accumuler le capital humain pendant leur séjour à l’étranger pour ensuite l’exploiter lors de leur retour. Nous avons constaté qu’à Hong Kong, le groupe de gens très éduqués était constitué, à environ 20%, de rapatriés détenant des diplômes obtenus à l’étranger, et que la plupart d’entre eux revenaient du Canada. Une analyse économiétrique a révélé que, par rapport aux migrants qui étaient restés au Canada, ceux qui étaient retournés à Hong Kong jouissaient d’un revenu plus ?evé et d’une meilleure chance de devenir cadres. Nos résultats permettent de conclure que cette migration de retour est motivée par la capacité des migrants de mettre á profit, dans le contexte de Hong Kong leur capital transnational accumulé à l’étranger.     

小学儿童在空间概念中的内隐学习实验研究

本研究以一、三、五年级小学儿童为被试,探查小学儿童在不同学习模式下空间概念的发展情况。研究结果如下:(1)不同学习模式下,儿童的认知发展呈现不同的趋势;(2)随认知任务难度的增加,不同学习模式的成绩出现差异;(3)不同学习模式下,不同难度任务的成绩存在差异。     

锌对大鼠学习记忆作用的研究

锌参予体内200多种金属酶的合成,是机体必需的微量元素之一。近年来锌对精神、神经和行为活动方面的作用日益被重视。Sandstead(1985)报告母鼠孕期缺锌可引起子鼠脑发育异常。Prasal等研究指出缺锌可导致淡漠、嗜睡、活动减少、情绪紊乱和体     

Development of a drinking self-efficacy questionnaire

Self-efficacy has been postulated as a construct of central importance in the acquisition, maintenance, and treatment of addictive behavior. To date research has largely examined the role of outcome expectancies but literature on the relationship of self-efficacy and drinking is still unclear. This paper describes the development and psychometric properties of a Drinking Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (DSEQ). In Study I, 251 students were used to test the factor structure of the DSEQ. Factor analysis of the DSEQ showed three clear factors accounting for 60% of the common variance. These factors can be summarized as self-efficacy in situations characterized by social pressure, opportunistic drinking, and emotional relief. Study II used 138 people from a general community sample and discriminant analyses showed that the DSEQ has good discriminant validity. The findings suggest that the DSEQ has potential for use in research examining the role of drinking self-efficacy in problem drinkers.This paper was partly supported by grants from the NH&MRC to Dr. Oei.     

哲学对医学导向作用的切入点

哲学是世界观、方法论、价值观的科学体系。医学是维护和促进人类健康的科学体系和实践活动。二者都具有很强的科学精神和人文精神。医学和哲学的关系是特殊与普通的关系。医学为哲学理论的建构奠定了科学基础,而哲学为医学的发展提供导向作用。为了使２１世纪的医学再创辉煌,以马克思主义哲学的提供的客观性原则、方法论原则、社会价值性原则作为切入点,发挥其导向作用是完全必要的。     

唐代女性道教情怀的成因初探

唐代是我国诗歌最繁盛的时代,上至达官贵人下至山野樵夫,能诗者随处可见。在璀璨的诗歌海洋里,有一大批女性创作的诗歌,这些诗歌或多或少地反映了唐代女性有意识或无意识的道教情怀。《全唐诗》中收录的女性诗歌很多,卷5、卷7、卷9收录妃嫔公主的诗歌约53首,其中武则天、女学士宋氏若华、蜀太后徐氏在诗歌中明显使用了道教术语和道教典故,上官昭容的诗歌也具有鲜明的道家林下风致;卷797至卷850收名媛诗歌107家,诗535首。其中李冶、鱼玄机、元淳是女道士,薛涛晚年常着道服,入道与否没有确凿的证据,她们4位的诗歌158首。根据诗歌内容,崔仲容、…     

文化心理学的启示意义及其发展趋势

心理学的研究对象乃是一种文化现象,是与人类文化互相创生发展的过程。心理学研究对象的独特性质决定着,心理学研究不可能脱离具体的文化背景。文化心理学的兴起适时地满足了当代心理学发展的要求。作为心理学研究的一种重要视角,文化心理学蕴涵着对心理学的研究对象、研究方法、研究目标及学科性质的独特理解。由于文化心理学兴起的时间较短,它必然还要不断吸取各种养分,实现内部取向的不断整合,提出更加明确的研究纲领。