The effects of violent video games and shyness on individuals’ aggressive behaviors

The general aggression model (GAM) has suggested that the interaction between person factors (e.g., personality variables) and situation factors (e.g., playing violent video games [VVGs]) can increase individuals’ aggressive behaviors through their cognition (e.g., hostile attributions), affect (e.g., negative affect), and/or arousal. The present study employed a modified competitive reaction time task to test the effects of shyness, violent (vs. nonviolent) gameplay, and shyness on individuals’ positive–negative affect, hostile attributions, and aggressive behaviors. In addition, the present study also employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the mediation (by cognition and affect) and moderation (by shyness). Results showed that playing a VVG increased aggressive behaviors, negative affect, and hostile attributions primarily among shy participants. In addition, the results of SEM also revealed that this moderating role was mediated by negative affect and hostile attributions. The present study supported GAM and showed that individuals’ aggressive behaviors are differentially susceptible to VVGs, depending on their level of shyness in a “for bad and for worse” manner.     

乡村振兴视域下毛泽东少数民族边疆地区乡村治理思想探析——读《中国农村的社会主义高潮》的思考

巩固少数民族边疆地区乡村治理,是中国共产党人谋求各族人民共同富裕发展目标的本质要求。毛泽东主持编辑的《中国农村的社会主义高潮》收录了具有代表性的少数民族边疆地区乡村治理鲜活案例,充分展现了毛泽东关于少数民族边疆地区乡村治理的战略思想:发挥少数民族边疆地区农牧群众主动性,奠定乡村社会改革治理群众基础;发展少数民族边疆地区农牧业生产合作社,提升乡村改革治理的组织化成效;强化少数民族边疆地区干部队伍和基层党支部建设,夯实乡村改革治理人才组织基础等内容。从实施乡村振兴战略视域来看,毛泽东的这些思想与实践对新时代构建基层社会治理共同体具有重要启迪意义。     

斯—欧氏非言语智力测验的修订研究

斯—欧氏非言语智力测验是Snijders－Oomen1965年发表的智力测验。它具有施测过程不受言语知识的限制等优越性。我们于1995年着手斯—欧氏非言语智力测验在中国的修订研究。在研究中,我们选取了6岁组、11岁组、14岁组三个年龄段来自北京、天津、山东和河北的被试进行预测。施测总人数为334人。通过对SON—R测验在我国施测所得数据资料的分析,证明该测验具有较好的内部结构和效标关联效度。同时,我们也发现少量题目由于文化背景的影响,不适于中国的儿童。并对这些题目进行了必要的更换或调整。     

自尊对失败后抑郁、焦虑反应的缓冲效应

以117名大二学生为被试,采用问卷调查与实验相结合的方法,考察了自尊对失败后的抑郁状态、焦虑状态两种不良情绪反应的缓冲效应。结果发现：(1)无论何种情况下,高自尊组的被试其抑郁和焦虑反应都明显少于低自尊组;(2)失败程序成功诱导了被试的抑郁和焦虑反应;(3)失败后,自尊并没有立即或直接缓冲被试的抑郁和焦虑反应;(4)策略处理后,自尊显著缓冲了两种不良情绪反应,且在不同条件下有不同的效果;但自尊水平与策略处理间的总体交互作用不显著。     

《会真记》论养生益寿

《会真记》全名《西山群仙会真记》,乃唐代道士施肩吾所撰,是内丹修持派中的名著。曾在《旧仙传》中称吕岩之后,有施肩吾撰《会真记》以继之也。该记分二十五篇,乃西山得道仙真“阐扬妙蕴”,演说玄机,发明太上至言。超凡入圣之道“的重要著作”。对后来学道之士的影响极大。现代就其“养生益寿”的论述,综合于后,对有志于丹道修炼者而言,仍具有一定的参考价值。无为养心张伯端在《悟真外篇》中讲:“心者,神之舍也。心者,众妙之理,而主宰万物。性在乎是,命在手足。若夫学道之士,先须了得这一个字,其余皆后段事矣。”因为从道家身国同构的观点…     

社会规范的动态过程

社会心理学的经典研究将社会规范区分为描述性规范与指令性规范。近年来, 研究者从以往对社会规范的静态区分, 开始深入研究社会规范“如何发展变化”的动态过程, 即探究社会规范的习得、传播与转变过程, 以及社会规范发挥作用的影响因素。社会规范的习得可以追溯至童年早期的社会互动, 描述性规范的形成是个体在社会网络中学习社会范畴典型范例的过程, 对现状的合理化催生了描述性规范向指令性规范的转化。社会规范发挥作用也呈现动态性, 不仅与社会规范的心理功能相关, 即遵守或违反社会规范能满足个体的安全感、归属感、独特感需要等, 还与外部环境如权力位置、惩罚机制相关。未来研究可对社会规范形成过程、作用过程做进一步分析; 结合社会规范强度研究, 深入探讨规范性影响的作用过程; 开展文化情境下的社会规范研究等。     

治疗用抗体：思路与策略

随着现代科技的进步,治疗用抗体的研究取得了突飞猛进的发展。在这一过程中,人们对治疗用抗体的认识由浅入深,产生很好的思路和决策,使其更加适合治疗的需要。     

Risk perception and conspiracy theory endorsement predict compliance with COVID-19 public health measures

Public health measures such as spatial distancing and physical hygiene have been found effective in mitigating the spread of the coronavirus. However, there is considerable variability in individual compliance with such public health measures and factors contributing to these interindividual differences are currently still understudied. The present study set out to determine the role of risk perception and conspiracy theory endorsement on compliance with COVID-19 public health measures and explored variations in these associations across participant age and the developmental status of a country, leveraging a large multi-national data set (N = 45,772) across 66 countries/territories, collected via online survey during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and May 2020). Human Development Index (HDI), developed by the United Nations Development Program, was used as a proxy of a country's achievement in key dimensions of human development. Overall, higher risk perception was associated with greater compliance, particularly in individuals with greater conspiracy theory endorsement. Specifically, people from more developed countries who perceived themselves less at risk but showed stronger conspiracy theory endorsement reported the lowest compliance with COVID-19 public health measures. Findings from this study advance understanding of the interplay between risk perception and conspiracy theory endorsement in their effect on compliance with COVID-19 public health measures, under consideration of both individual-level and country-level demographic variables and have potential to inform the design of tailored interventions to fight the current and future global pandemics.     

计划生育干部多种量表评定结果的相关分析

本研究采用DSQ、SCL－90、16PF问卷,对河南、陕西两省部分县（市）乡（镇）的计划生育专职机构的169名计生干部进行测试,结果发现：计生干部的防御方式、心理健康及个性特质三者存在着密不可分的内在联系。个性特征、心理健康状况影响制约着防御方式的动用;防御方式的使用影响行为后果及人的适应能力,进而作用于心理健康,心理健康状况又会重塑人格结构,影响防御方式的动用。