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271.
Tian P. S. Oei Sukanlaya Sawang Yong Wah Goh Firdaus Mukhtar 《International journal of psychology》2013,48(6):1018-1029
The DASS‐21 is a well‐established instrument for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress with good reliability and validity reported from Hispanic American, British, and Australian adults. However, the lack of appropriate validation among Asian populations continues to pose concerns over the use of DASS‐21 in Asian samples. Cultural variation may influence the individual's experience and emotional expression. Thus, when researchers and practitioners employ Western‐based assessments with Asian populations by directly translating them without an appropriate validation, the process can be challenging. We conducted a series of rigorous statistical tests and minimized any potential confounds from the demographic information. Following factor analyses, we performed multigroup analysis across six nations to demonstrate consistency of our findings. The advantages of this revised DASS‐18 stress scale are twofold. First, it possesses fewer items, which results in a cleaner factorial structure. Second, it has a smaller interfactor correlation. With these justifications, the revised DASS‐18 stress scale is potentially more suitable for Asian populations. Nonetheless, given limitations, findings should be considered preliminary. 相似文献
272.
Hong Zhang Yuan Tian Boran Lei Shuo Yu Man Liu 《Basic and applied social psychology》2013,35(5):247-259
Five studies investigated the relationship between personal relative deprivation and materialism. Study 1 was a cross-sectional survey that revealed a positive association between trait relative deprivation and materialism. In Studies 2a and 2b, we found that relative deprivation, as induced by unjust government policies in an imaginary scenario, increased individuals’ preferences for making more profit than others. Individuals may experience relative deprivation due to unjust treatment or other factors. Study 3 manifested that sense of relative deprivation, resulting from either being treated unjustly or not, gave rise to materialistic desires. In Study 4, we found that relative deprivation influenced materialistic aspirations, above and beyond negative outcomes. Moreover, the impact of relative deprivation could be generalized to aspirations for fame. 相似文献
273.
Wen-jun Gui Peng-yun Wang Xu Lei Tian Lin Marilyn Horta Xiao-yi Liu 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(3):387-396
ABSTRACTEvidence has demonstrated that sleep-related memory consolidation declines in ageing. However, little is known about age-related changes to sleep-related emotional memory consolidation, especially when considering the positivity effect observed in older adults. In the present study, we sought to explore whether there is a positive emotional bias in sleep-related memory consolidation among healthy older adults. Young and older adults were randomly assigned either into a sleep or wake condition. All participants encoded positive, negative, and neutral stimuli and underwent recognition tests immediately (test 1), after a 12-hour sleep/wake interval (test 2), and 3 days after test 2 (test 3). Results showed that age-related differences of sleep beneficial effect were modulated by emotion valence. In particular, sleep selectively enhanced positive memory in older adults, while in young adults sleep beneficial effect was manifested in neutral memory. Moreover, the sleep beneficial effect can be maintained at least 3 days in both young and older adults. These findings suggest that older adults had preserved but positive bias of sleep-related memory consolidation, which could be one of the underlying mechanisms for their generally better emotional well-being in daily life. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay among sleep and emotional memory in older adults. 相似文献
274.
275.
从伦理学的视角来看,民生包含三个方面的内涵:一是公民根基性的"生存",二是公民尊严性的"生活",三是公民理想性的"好的生活".基于对中国当下民生的现状及问题的全面把握,政府在民生制度和民生实践中首先应遵循刚性的公正原则,它既能够一般地解决资源供给的有限与人的欲望的无限之间的冲突,又能有效地解决当下民生中的突出问题.但公正原则的普遍性和抽象性决定了它无法惠及每一特殊个体的需求,强调具体性、关系性、情境性、理解与关爱的关怀原则可以弥补这一缺陷.因此,以刚性的"公正"与柔性的"关怀"为伦理原则的民生制度与民生实践,将最终引领全体公民过上他们所珍视的和值得过的"好的生活". 相似文献
276.
史密斯质疑宗教概念的普遍有效性,从词源学和观念史角度对宗教的含义及其变迁作了历史考察,指出它不过是西方近代文明的一个产物,并不适合解释其他文明的生活传统,主张用信仰和累积的传统两个独立的概念取而代之。依据这一概念框架来解释儒家传统会消除一些困难。 相似文献
277.
Cui W Darby-King A Grimes MT Howland JG Wang YT McLean JH Harley CW 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2011,18(5):283-291
An increase in synaptic AMPA receptors is hypothesized to mediate learning and memory. AMPA receptor increases have been reported in aversive learning models, although it is not clear if they are seen with memory maintenance. Here we examine AMPA receptor changes in a cAMP/PKA/CREB-dependent appetitive learning model: odor preference learning in the neonate rat. Rat pups were given a single pairing of peppermint and 2 mg/kg isoproterenol, which produces a 24-h, but not a 48-h, peppermint preference in the 7-d-old rat pup. GluA1 PKA-dependent phosphorylation peaked 10 min after the 10-min training trial and returned to baseline within 90 min. At 24 h, GluA1 subunits did not change overall but were significantly increased in synaptoneurosomes, consistent with increased membrane insertion. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant increase in GluA1 subunits in olfactory bulb glomeruli, the targets of olfactory nerve axons. Glomerular increases were seen at 3 and 24 h after odor exposure in trained pups, but not in control pups. GluA1 increases were not seen as early as 10 min after training and were no longer observed 48 h after training when odor preference is no longer expressed behaviorally. Thus, the pattern of increased GluA1 membrane expression closely follows the memory timeline. Further, blocking GluA1 insertion using an interference peptide derived from the carboxyl tail of the GluA1 subunit inhibited 24 h odor preference memory providing causative support for our hypothesis. PKA-mediated GluA1 phosphorylation and later GluA1 insertion could, conjointly, provide increased AMPA function to support both short-term and long-term appetitive memory. 相似文献
278.
Davelaar EJ Tian X Weidemann CT Huber DE 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(4):608-626
We investigated the basis of change detection in a short-term priming task. In two experiments, participants were asked to
indicate whether or not a target word was the same as a previously presented cue. Data from an experiment measuring magnetoencephalography
failed to find different patterns for “same” and “different” responses, consistent with the claim that both arise from a common
neural source, with response magnitude defining the difference between immediate novelty versus familiarity. In a behavioral
experiment, we tested and confirmed the predictions of a habituation account of these judgments by comparing conditions in
which the target, the cue, or neither was primed by its presentation in the previous trial. As predicted, cue-primed trials
had faster response times, and target-primed trials had slower response times relative to the neither-primed baseline. These
results were obtained irrespective of response repetition and stimulus–response contingencies. The behavioral and brain activity
data support the view that detection of change drives performance in these tasks and that the underlying mechanism is neuronal
habituation. 相似文献
279.
现实生活中的谈判通常发生在特定的社会情境中, 谈判者也总在扮演着某种角色。本研究探索了买卖交易谈判中谈判者角色影响谈判结果的作用机制。研究提出了一个关于谈判者角色诱发框架效应的理论模型, 然后通过两个模拟谈判实验对这一模型进行验证。实验1表明, 买家知觉到的馅饼大于卖家知觉到的馅饼, 且谈判者知觉到的馅饼在谈判者角色与谈判者绩效间起部分中介作用。实验2发现, 即使保留买家与卖家的角色标签, 如果剥离了金钱作为交易介质这一重要特征, 两个谈判角色知觉到的馅饼也没有差异。研究揭示了谈判者角色影响谈判结果的作用机制, 对谈判者如何利用情境因素取得更好的谈判结果具有实践意义。 相似文献
280.
一、科学的技术与经验的技术对于技术,学界有多种理解。本文直接采用笔者在《从太和殿的建造看经验、技术和科学的关系》一文中对技术的定义:技术是为达到特定目的而采用的有效手段和方法。它包括工具(包括人自身)和对工具的运用(技能、操作规则)(田松,1997年,第256页);并根据来源将技术简单地分为两类:科学的技术和经验的技术。其中技术的两项基本元素工具和技能,借鉴了 相似文献