句首词语音形义变化在判断句义中的作用

通过要求被试判断前后出现的两个句子意思是否一致,探讨句首词语音形义变化对句子阅读的影响,同时验证汉字音形义激活的时间进程。实验结果表明：（1）句首词语音形义变化对句子阅读的影响不一致,字形对句子阅读的影响最大,而字音和字义对句子阅读的影响大小不能得到分离。（2）句首词语首尾变化对句子阅读的影响不一致,词语尾字变化条件下的反应时比词语首字变化条件下的反应时更长。实验结果支持了句首词语字形对句子阅读影响最大、句首词语尾字变化比首字变化对句子阅读影响更大的观点。     

考试焦虑影响考试成绩的基本模式

以整合的思路、建构包括九个中介变量的考试焦虑影响考试成绩的结构方程模型。用AM和MG两种路径分析方式相结合的方法．发现考试焦虑对中介变量的影响甚于中介变量对考试成绩的影响。考试自我效能感、成绩-接近目标、认知干扰是受考试焦虑影响和影响考试成绩程度比较一致的中介变量(简称为“一致性”的中介变量),成绩-回避目标定向、担忧、学习和考试技能变量屑于“非一致性”的中介变量。掌握目标定向、情绪性和应付反应作为中介变量不具有实际意义。     

青少年大五人格对网络成瘾的影响:家庭功能的中介作用

目的:探究家庭功能在人格特征与网络成瘾之间的中介作用。方法:973名中学生被试完成基本人口学问卷、网络成瘾量表、人格五因素问卷、家庭功能评定量表。结果:(1)人格特征可以显著预测网络成瘾。其中,情绪性人格可以显著正向预测网络成瘾,责任心、宜人性显著负向预测网络成瘾。(2)家庭功能在情绪性、责任心对网络成瘾的影响具有部分中介作用、在宜人性对网络成瘾的影响具有完全中介作用。结论:在治疗中,可针对网络成瘾者的家庭功能进行积极干预,从而减轻其成瘾症状。     

Factor structure of the mobility inventory for agoraphobia: A validational study with australian samples of agoraphobic patients

This study examines the factor structure of the Mobility Inventory for Agoraphobia and attempts to validate the inventory, using an Australian sample of agoraphobic patients, by comparison with other scales. One hundred twentyfour panic disorder with agoraphobia patients were studied. Factor analysis showed that a two-factor solution was the most suitable both when subjects were accompanied (accompanied condition) and when alone (alone condition). Factor I represented public, crowded, or social situations including department stores, supermarkets, restaurants, theaters, and panics and social gatherings. Factor II reflected enclosed or riding situations such as elevators, parking garages, enclosed spaces, and riding in subways or airplanes. These two factors accounted for 46.6% and 44.3% of the variance on the accompanied condition and the alone condition, respectively. The Mobility Inventory was significantly correlated with the Agoraphobia factor of the Fear Questionnaire and the Social Avoidance and Distress scale. These results indicated that the Mobility Inventory is a valid instrument to measure agoraphobic behavior.     

Determination of atomic structure of phason planes in the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase

The atomic structures of specific types of linear defects (phason lines) and planar defects (phason planes) in the complex metallic alloy phase ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn have been determined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and theoretical HREM simulation. The results show that a representational atomic structural model for phason planes can be constructed by introducing a shift between two parts of the perfect crystalline structure using a translation vector of r ?=?(1/2) a ?+?(1/2τ) c . This typical phason plane is normally parallel to the (001) plane of the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase and consists of phason lines, which are arranged side-by-side with their linear direction parallel to the [010] axis. HREM simulations, based on the structural model for both edge-on and inclined types of phason lines, agree well with the experimental results. Taking into account the fact that the structural difference between various curved phason planes arises from the variation in the arrangement of individual phason lines, the atomic structures of the edge-on and inclined phason lines can be used to explain the various curved phason planes frequently observed in the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase.     

Four-phonon model of soft-matter quasicrystals for studying thermodynamics

Four-phonon model of soft-matter quasicrystals is proposed, in which there are three solid phonons and one fluid phonon. With this model, the vibration spectrum of soft-matter quasicrystals can be obtained. The generalized Debye frequency, generalized Debye temperature and the thermodynamic functions of soft-matter quasicrystals are observed. The results on the specific heat of soft-matter quasicrystals demonstrate the contributions of both solid phonons and fluid phonon, respectively.     

化疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌中的适度应用

鼻咽癌是我国高发恶性肿瘤之一,发病率为头颈部恶性肿瘤之首。鼻咽癌对放疗、化疗均敏感。单纯的放射治疗虽然能够使早期患者获得很好的局部控制率,但是对于局部晚期患者而言,其5年生存率难以令人满意,治疗失败主要是因为区域复发和远处转移。化学治疗对放疗起到了补充作用,临床应用目前主要有同期化疗、辅助化疗、诱导化疗三种。本文对过去20年间化疗在局部晚期鼻咽癌治疗中的应用归纳总结。     

Mass and Shading Effects on Masculine-Feminine Judgments on the Rorschach

College students were used to test the hypotheses that judgment of an achromatic Rorschach Inkblot as ‘masculine’ is a function of largeness of mass, and darkness of shading, and judgment of one as ‘feminine’ is a function of smallness of mass and lightness of shading. It was also predicted that the sex of the judge does not influence these judgments.

The standard inkblots and mass and shading control blots were used with the semantic differential and a masculine-feminine sort technique.

The results generally supported the hypotheses tested with the ‘shading hypotheses’ receiving the strongest support. The results were related, with reservation, to the “father” and “mother” hypotheses of cards IV and VII.     

Bidirectional Mediating Role of Loneliness in the Association Between Shyness and Generalized Pathological Internet Use in Chinese University Students: A Longitudinal Cross-Lagged Analysis

Abstract

This 1-year longitudinal study examined the bidirectional mediating role of loneliness in the association between shyness and generalized pathological Internet use (GPIU) in a sample of 291 Chinese university students (143 men, mean age =?19.07?years). A fully cross-lagged panel design was used in which shyness, loneliness, and GPIU were assessed at 3 time points separated by 6-month intervals (named T1, T2, and T3). The results indicated that relationships among shyness, loneliness, and GPIU were dynamic and bidirectional. Specifically, T1 shyness positively predicted increased T2 loneliness, T2 shyness positively predicted increased T3 loneliness, and T2 loneliness positively predicted increased T3 shyness. Additionally, T1 GPIU positively predicted increased T2 loneliness, T2 GPIU positively predicted increased T3 loneliness, and T2 loneliness positively predicted increased T3 GPIU. Loneliness was found to play a bidirectional mediating role in the association between shyness and GPIU. Specifically, T1 shyness and T3 GPIU were mediated through increased loneliness at T2, and T1 GPIU and T3 shyness were mediated through increased loneliness at T2. Furthermore, relationships among shyness, loneliness, and GPIU were the same across the 2 groups, with the strength of relationships being stronger for men.     

The Application of Behavioral Family Therapy to Chinese Aggressive Children

Behavioral Family Therapy (BFT) generally targets four typical disruptive behaviors among children ages from 2 to 7 years: noncompliance, aggression, tantrums, and negative talk. This study tests the effect of BFT on 20 Chinese aggressive children (16 boys and 4 girls) who were assigned to a BFT group or a control group. The results showed that the children's level of aggression in the BFT group reduced significantly compared to that of the control group, and the gains were maintained at a 6-month follow-up. These findings support the use of BFT as a treatment modality for Chinese aggressive children.