基于示例学习的认知技能获得的研究

本文简要介绍了基于示例学习的认知技能获得的研究,涉及的问题包括示例学习的过程、影响认知技能获得的因素、认知技能获得中的练习和迁移等、在文章的最后,对这一领域的研究趋势进行了展望。     

Factor structure,validity, and reliability of the fear questionnaire in a Hong Kong Chinese population

This study examined the factor structure, validity, and reliability of the Fear Questionnaire in Hong Kong. The sample consisted of 226 college students who were ethnic Chinese and they came from different parts of Hong Kong. Exploratory factor analysis produced three meaningful factors. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the three-factor model of Marks and Mathews (1979) in the present sample of subjects. Findings also showed that the Fear Questionnaire was both reliable and valid. Limitations of the study and implications for future research in this area were discussed. In particular, the need to assess the cross-cultural application of the Fear Questionnaire was stressed.This research project was supported by the Research and Conference Grants of the University of Hong Kong.     

Body Weight Reduction by Water Deprivation and Schedule-Induced Phenomena

On of the most important factors in the generation of schedule induced polydipsia, and schedule induced self-injection of drugs is the prior reduction of the animals' body weight to 80% of their free-feeding weight by food deprivation. It is suggested that reductio of body weight to 80% by water deprivation should produce similar results. The series of experiments reported here showed that rats reduced to 80% body weight by water deprivation did not develop either schedule-induced polydipsia or schedule induced wheelrunning. The results thus suggest that body weight reduction may not be a critical condition in the development of schedule-induced phenonmena.     

Mind Attribution to Gods and Christians in the Chinese Cultural Context

Drawing on the distinction in mind perception between agency and experience, this research examined whether and how culture-based religion affects mind attribution to gods and Christians in a religious priming paradigm. When attributing mind to gods in Study 1, participants in the religious priming condition attributed more agency to gods than those in the neutral condition. When attributing mind to human religious targets in Study 2, religious participants in the religious priming condition attributed more experience to a Christian target than those in the neutral condition, while atheist participants in the religious priming condition attributed less experience to a Christian target than those in the neutral condition. In addition, religious participants in the religious priming condition attributed more experience to an atheist target than those in the neutral condition. Taken together, mind attribution to religious targets varied on agency and experience, and showed its own cultural features in China.     

越描越黑

就在前不久的2005年2月26日,中央电视台新闻联播播放了一条新闻,表扬华中科技大学“建设网络教育新型平台,拓展思想政治教育领域”。报道中,华中科大党委副书记刘献君说:“过去我们的人文讲座,是在教室里面。现在大学生自己把它搬到网上直播……扩大了覆盖面,提高了教育效果。”点评:所谓“过去我们的人文讲座”,不知是否包括那个     

论美部会开辟中国传教站的背景与动因

1830年,美部会开辟了美国基督新教在中国的第一个传教站。作为美国首个派遣传教士来华的海外传教机构,美部会是中美早期文化交流的主要推动者。这一组织的旨趣根植于美国深厚的社会文化土壤之中:它是美国本土对印第安人传教活动的延续和发展,同时又受到了以爱德华兹、霍普金斯等宗教神学家为代表的新神学派的影响。在教会长期准备工作的基础上,经营广州同孚行的美国商人奥利芬的呼吁成为美部会派遣对华传教士的直接诱因,裨治文来华则正式拉开了美部会在华传教活动的序幕。     

文化演化的认知视角——从个体社会学习出发探究文化动态性

文化演化是多学科共同关心的文化研究主题。文化演化的认知视角是心理学家切入该研究主题的一种方式, 它着眼于社会文化环境中的个体认知, 研究个体在社会学习过程中对文化信息的加工、改变、记忆与提取。文化演化的认知视角借用达尔文生物演化理论, 涉及文化传承、创新、选择三个子领域, 提出了文化演化的三原则: 遗传、变异、选择。文化传承的路径包括模仿和教导, 类型分为工具性与习俗性文化传承; 文化创新具有层次性, 人类特有的累积性文化演化建立在文化创新的基础之上, 体现了文化创新的代际传递; 基于行为生态学和人类认知机制的文化选择造成了文化信息的差异化适应。未来研究可以从研究概念、研究思路、研究方法三方面推进认知视角下的文化演化研究, 探索更高层次的文化创新, 扩展文化演化的前因变量, 结合新技术加深对文化演化的理解; 发挥文化演化对文化心理学研究的助推作用, 研究文化混搭、个性心理特征对文化演化的影响。     

《心理学报》被引情况分析

该文统计了《心理学报》自1956年创刊以来发表的论文被引用的情况,对有关数据进行分析,确定了120篇重要论文。对这些论文从作者合作情况、核心作者分布、系统分布、选题分布四方面进行分析,得出《心理学报》是心理学核心期刊中的核心期刊。     

风险知觉研究的历史回顾与展望

风险知觉是指人对潜伏于环境中的危险的主观评定方式或评定值,以“不确定性”为本质特征。在对心理学领域中关于风险知觉研究的三个历史阶段进行回顾的基础上,介绍了不同时期风险知觉的研究内容和研究方法,指出已往研究在风险值评定和危险源识别等方面存在的问题,从理论、测量、扩展三方面对今后的研究进行了展望。     

小学生快速阅读的眼动研究

用自然实验和实验室实验考察了对小学四年级学生进行快速阅读训练的有效性,结果发现：（1）快速阅读训练可以显著地提高小学生的有效读速;（2）快速阅读训练可以显著减少注视次数、注视点平均持续时间;（3）快速阅读训练可以显著扩大眼跳距离。