静坐修炼的行功步骤与方法

静坐修炼的关键在于一个“静”字。在行功中能入真静就能在静极而动中产出肾中真阳,自动运转周天。然后由动极而静,入于杳冥之境而产出心中真阴。真阴真阳相交,在定中结丹。由定而空,入于虚无之境,则进入更高阶段的修炼了。这个过程是静坐行功的一般进展情况,在具体操作上还有其一定的步骤与方法,大致讲来有这么几点:一、一心清静“昔日遇师亲口诀,只要凝神入气穴。”所谓凝神,即一心清静之法。张三丰在《道言浅近说》中讲:“凝神者,收已清之心而入于其内也。心未清时,眼勿乱闭。先要自劝自勉,劝得回来,清凉恬淡,始行收入气穴,乃曰凝神。”…     

男女两性在文化震荡、心理健康及其关系中的差异比较

采用自编问卷对1555名30岁及以上被试受文化震荡的影响程度及其心理健康进行调查,分别探讨不同生活环境和环境相同但受教育程度不同的男女两性在两变量及其关系中的差异。结果表明:(1)总体上,男性报告的文化事件的主观影响明显比女性更积极,但其心理健康水平却明显低于女性;男女两性在文化震荡与心理健康之间均存在显著正相关,但具有不同特点。(2)不同生活环境和同一生活环境中不同受教育程度的男女两性在文化震荡、心理健康中均存在不同程度的差异;在这两变量间也均存在不同方面的显著正相关。     

心理学两种文化对心理咨询与治疗的影响

心理学领域中存在着两种文化取向——“科学”与“人文”,两种不同的文化对心理咨询与治疗有着深刻的影响,进而影响着高校心理健康教育的定位等问题。     

小学儿童在空间概念中的内隐学习

本研究以一、三、五年级小学儿童为被试,探查小学儿童在不同学习模式下空间概念的发展情况。研究结果如下:(1)不同学习模式下,儿童的认知发展呈现不同的趋势;(2)随认知任务难度的增加,不同学习模式的成绩出现差异;(3)不同学习模式下,不同难度任务的成绩存在差异。     

主观评分中多面Rasch模型的应用

主观评分中存在的不一致性导致主观评分的信度降低。多面Rasch模型基于项目反应理论,可以应用于评分员效应的识别和消除,从而提高主观评分的信度。该文介绍多面Rasch模型的理论和应用框架,介绍了国外相关的典型应用,并且讨论了该模型的应用条件。     

7～11岁儿童图形辨认的发展研究

本研究选取 7岁、9岁、1 1岁的 81名儿童作为被试 ,采用图形辨认任务 ,探查图形熟悉度、感觉道对小学儿童图形认知的影响 ,结果表明 :感觉通道主效应不显著。年龄主效应显著 ,1 1岁组得分显著高于 9岁组和 7岁组 ,9岁组成绩好于 7岁组 ,差异达到边沿显著。熟悉度主效应显著 ,熟悉材料的辨认成绩显著好于不熟悉成绩。年龄×图形熟悉度交互作用显著 ,年龄×感觉道交互作用不显著 ,感觉道×熟悉度主效应不显著 ,年龄×图形熟悉度×感觉道交互作用显著 ,在触觉辨认条件下 ,年龄×图形熟悉度交互作用显著 ,在视觉辨认条件下 ,年龄×图形熟悉度交互作用不显著     

如何用行为经济学应对不确定性：拓展有效助推的范围

本文提出了决策中不确定性的五种类型及其行为学和心理学的应对机制：用简捷启发式替代加权求和应对信息不确定性, 用直觉应对认知不确定性, 用价值观预测选择偏好应对行为不确定性, 用决策参照点的权重替代概率应对结果不确定性, 用时间换时间以降低延迟折扣应对未来不确定性。新行为经济学应当通过“为什么”的功能性分析, 找到行为助推的心理杠杆。化解不确定性本身就是一种有效的行为助推; 化繁为简是行为助推的关键所在。     

Individual Differences in Brain Structure and Resting Brain Function Underlie Representation-Connection in Scientific Problem Solving

Evidence from a range of fields shows that representation-connection (RC) is the key step towards the solution of a real-world insight problem. However, no study has focused on the inter-individual variability in RC, and little is known about whether structural and resting-state functional signals can account for inter-individual differences in RC. Combining structural (regional grey matter density, rGMD) and functional (fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC)) analysis approaches was used to examine the neural substrates of RC. The results showed that the RC score was positively correlated with rGMD and fALFF values in the bilateral lingual gyrus (LG), which might be related to relevant visual imagery during the correct matching of a specific prototype with an unsolved technical problem and the retrieval and application of key information from prototypes. In addition, the RC score was negatively correlated with the rGMD in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and functional connectivity analysis revealed that a higher RC score was inversely correlated with the strength of the RSFC between the right LG and the left inferior parietal lobule (IPL), which indicated that RC might be supported by decreased response inhibition and the automatic association of semantics.     

The structure of trust as a reflection of culture and institutional power structure: Evidence from four East Asian societies

Using the Global Trust Inventory, an integrated measure of trust toward 21 relationships and institutions, the structure of trust was explored in four East Asian societies (Mainland China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan). The Western model, in which trust is distributed among seven factors representing different branches of society, did not generalize to these East Asian societies, perhaps due to differences in culture and institutional power structures. Instead, two unique structures of trust were identified. Mainland China had a top‐down structure of trust (the China model), in which trust is hierarchically separated between the central government and subordinate implementing bodies. The other three democratic East Asian societies shared a hybrid structure of trust (the Democratic East Asian model) that has a degree of similarity to both the China model and the Western model. Having established two similar, but still distinct models, a cross‐cultural comparison was made on the proportions of trust profiles generated by latent profile analysis. Mainland China had the largest proportion of people with a high propensity to trust, followed by Japan and South Korea, and Taiwan was the least trusting. Implications of the structure of trust and this alternative approach to conducting cross‐cultural comparisons are discussed.     

我国妇幼保健机构公共卫生属性淡化的机制研究

妇幼卫生是公共卫生体系的重要组成部分,妇幼保健机构是妇幼卫生工作的实现主体,为了促进我国妇幼保健机构的健康和可持续发展,提高妇女、儿童健康水平,通过对妇幼保健机构的社会功能、行为动因和行为特征的系统分析,构建出妇幼保健机构公共卫生属性淡化的作用机制模型.公共卫生的实质是公共政策,建议政府要实现市场机制与政府宏观调控的有机结合,促进妇幼保健事业健康发展.