Role of personal endorsement of outgroup members' distinctive values and need for cognitive closure in attitude towards the outgroup

The present study was designed to examine the role of the perceived culture of the outgroup and the perceiver's cognitive style on the intergroup process. We conducted a survey among mainland Chinese college students to discover the role of their personal endorsement of Hong Kong Chinese's distinctive values and need for cognitive closure in predicting their attitude towards the Hong Kong Chinese outgroup. Results showed that mainland Chinese who gave a higher endorsement of Hong Kong Chinese values were more likely to show a positive attitude towards Hong Kong Chinese, especially for people with a higher need for cognitive closure. These results were discussed in terms of the function of shared social reality on the formation of positive intergroup attitude. Future directions for intergroup research were proposed based on these findings.     

Alcohol and substance use in the Arabian Gulf region: a review

Despite cultural, social, religious, and legal constraints on Muslim Arab nationals living in the Arabian Peninsula against the consumption of alcohol or drugs, usage and dependence do exist. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic review, compiling and critiquing the literature in this interesting yet neglected area. Information about the current status of alcohol and substance abuse research and knowledge in the Arabian Gulf region will be presented, providing an accessible synopsis of available papers. A systematic review of English and Arabic language literature was conducted by searching electronic databases (1975-2007) and conducting hand searches of Arab published journals. Only studies investigating alcohol and/or substance use or abuse issues with participants (1) of Arab nationality, (2) living in an Arabian Gulf country, and (3) of Muslim faith were included. Within this literature, the majority of research has been conducted with clinical male participants. The most commonly abused drugs are alcohol, heroin, and hashish. Literature investigating the substance use domain with people who are not seeking treatment for addiction is extremely limited. Although the research is largely in its infancy, it does however confirm alcohol and substance abuse in Muslim, Gulf Arab nationals. We strongly urge that further research into substance use and abuse in this region is conducted. Community investigations assessing the prevalence, magnitude, and associated problems with alcohol and substance abuse and also research into valid and reliable measurements in these countries are warranted.     

Modification of the catastrophic cognitions questionnaire (CCQ-M) for normals and patients: Exploratory and LISREL analyses

The Recently developed Catastrophic Cognition Questionnaire (CCQ) was further investigated using both student and anxiety patient samples. LISREL confirmatory factor analyses was used. The results showed that the CCQ could be explained by a three-factor oblique solution. These are Emotional Catastrophes, Physical Catastrophes, and Mental Catastrophes. The modified version of CCQ (CCQ-M) revealed good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. It has also good discriminant validity. The CCQ-M can therefore be used with both normal and anxiety-disordered patients.We would like to thank the staff of the Anxiety Disorder clinic, in particular Dr. Larry Evans and Ms. Elly Staunton-McKenzie, for their assistance in data collection, and the subjects for their participation in this study. Dr. Khawaja was supported by a scholarship from the Government of Pakistan. She was on leave from the University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. We would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their excellent suggestions.     

斯—欧氏非言语智力测验的修订研究

斯—欧氏非言语智力测验是Snijders－Oomen1965年发表的智力测验。它具有施测过程不受言语知识的限制等优越性。我们于1995年着手斯—欧氏非言语智力测验在中国的修订研究。在研究中,我们选取了6岁组、11岁组、14岁组三个年龄段来自北京、天津、山东和河北的被试进行预测。施测总人数为334人。通过对SON—R测验在我国施测所得数据资料的分析,证明该测验具有较好的内部结构和效标关联效度。同时,我们也发现少量题目由于文化背景的影响,不适于中国的儿童。并对这些题目进行了必要的更换或调整。     

机械能力成套测验的编制

“机械能力成套测验”是应选拔、招收及培训机械技术工人的实际需要,编制的一套机械技术操作能力测验。它包括纸笔测验及操作测验两大部分,共计13个分测验。经过预测、题目分析及有针对性的取样,在天津三所技校抽取了280名技工,进行正式施测。结果表明:纸笔测验及操作测验再测信度分别为0.83和0.92;纸笔测验及操作测验成绩与等级评定结果的多系列相关分别为0.44和0.57。     

Risk perception and conspiracy theory endorsement predict compliance with COVID-19 public health measures

Public health measures such as spatial distancing and physical hygiene have been found effective in mitigating the spread of the coronavirus. However, there is considerable variability in individual compliance with such public health measures and factors contributing to these interindividual differences are currently still understudied. The present study set out to determine the role of risk perception and conspiracy theory endorsement on compliance with COVID-19 public health measures and explored variations in these associations across participant age and the developmental status of a country, leveraging a large multi-national data set (N = 45,772) across 66 countries/territories, collected via online survey during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and May 2020). Human Development Index (HDI), developed by the United Nations Development Program, was used as a proxy of a country's achievement in key dimensions of human development. Overall, higher risk perception was associated with greater compliance, particularly in individuals with greater conspiracy theory endorsement. Specifically, people from more developed countries who perceived themselves less at risk but showed stronger conspiracy theory endorsement reported the lowest compliance with COVID-19 public health measures. Findings from this study advance understanding of the interplay between risk perception and conspiracy theory endorsement in their effect on compliance with COVID-19 public health measures, under consideration of both individual-level and country-level demographic variables and have potential to inform the design of tailored interventions to fight the current and future global pandemics.     

计划生育干部多种量表评定结果的相关分析

本研究采用DSQ、SCL－90、16PF问卷,对河南、陕西两省部分县（市）乡（镇）的计划生育专职机构的169名计生干部进行测试,结果发现：计生干部的防御方式、心理健康及个性特质三者存在着密不可分的内在联系。个性特征、心理健康状况影响制约着防御方式的动用;防御方式的使用影响行为后果及人的适应能力,进而作用于心理健康,心理健康状况又会重塑人格结构,影响防御方式的动用。     

创伤暴露对青少年暴力行为和自杀意念的影响:创伤后应激障碍和抑郁的中介作用

采用创伤暴露问卷、基于DSM-5的创伤后应激障碍症状核查表、流调中心用抑郁量表和青少年行为问题调查表,在雅安地震3.5年后对地震极重灾区的703名中学生进行调查,考察创伤暴露对暴力行为和自杀意念的影响,并检验创伤后应激障碍和抑郁在其中的中介作用。结果发现：创伤暴露可以直接正向预测暴力行为和自杀意念,PTSD在创伤暴露对暴力行为和自杀意念的影响间起中介作用,抑郁仅在创伤暴露对自杀意念的影响间起中介作用,而在创伤暴露对暴力行为影响间的中介效应不显著。     

自尊对失败后抑郁、焦虑反应的缓冲效应

以117名大二学生为被试,采用问卷调查与实验相结合的方法,考察了自尊对失败后的抑郁状态、焦虑状态两种不良情绪反应的缓冲效应。结果发现：(1)无论何种情况下,高自尊组的被试其抑郁和焦虑反应都明显少于低自尊组;(2)失败程序成功诱导了被试的抑郁和焦虑反应;(3)失败后,自尊并没有立即或直接缓冲被试的抑郁和焦虑反应;(4)策略处理后,自尊显著缓冲了两种不良情绪反应,且在不同条件下有不同的效果;但自尊水平与策略处理间的总体交互作用不显著。     

纽约大学医学院文学、艺术与医学素材库建设及启示

介绍了纽约大学医学院文学、艺术与医学素材库的建设情况以及对我国高等医学院校人文教育的反思.从回顾文学、艺术与医学素材库的建设背景入手,阐述了素材库的具体内容,说明了素材库的实际应用情况以及纽约大学医学院人文教育现状.最后,阐述了医学素材库在课程设置、教学方式、师资建设方面对我国高等医学院校医学人文教学的启示.