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161.
我国中小学生学习适应性研究述评 总被引:24,自引:1,他引:23
本文在综观同内研究资料的基础上,主要围绕学习适应性的慨念与功能展开理论探讨.同时对我国中小学生学习适应性的发展现状及其培养研究成果进行了概括。 相似文献
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163.
Gross情绪调节过程与策略研究述评 总被引:27,自引:1,他引:26
Gross提出情绪调节产生于情绪发生的过程之中。在情绪发生过程中的情绪调节主要有选择情景、修正情景、注意分配、认知改变、反应调整等五个方面。选择情景、修正情景、注意分配、认知改变是在情绪反应趋势形成之前进行,属于先行关注情绪调节;反应调整是在情绪反应趋势形成之后进行,属于反应关注情绪调节。在情绪调节过程中,有两种普遍的具体策略:认知重评与表达抑制。这两种不同情绪调节策略对情感、认知与社会行为产生不同的影响。 相似文献
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Kathleen J. Pottick Xin Tian Stuart A. Kirk Derek K. Hsieh 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2017,39(3):396-411
Using a between-subject 3 × 3 design of an experimentally manipulated realistic case vignette of Black, White, and Hispanic youth in a survey mailed to 1540 experienced psychologists, psychiatrists, and social workers, the authors examined if clinicians alter their judgments about treatment for antisocially behaving youth based on the symptom’s social context (e.g., life circumstances) and the youth’s race or ethnicity, even among youth who are otherwise identical in terms of behavioral symptoms. Vignettes describe behaviors meeting DSM-IV criteria for conduct disorder, but contain contextual information suggesting either internal dysfunction (ID) or a normal response to a difficult environment [i.e., environmental-reaction (ER)]. Comparison was symptom-only (SO). Judgments of effectiveness of 14 treatments for youth exhibiting antisocial behavior were examined. Frequencies and median scores of perceived effectiveness level (1–9, Likert) were compared in bivariate analyses, stratifying context and youth’s race or ethnicity. The context of the behavior was associated significantly with differences in effectiveness judgments in 13 of 14 treatments. Within ID and ER contexts, clinicians judged three different treatments as effective (median ≥ 7 of 9). In the SO condition, clinicians were less selective, judging six as effective. In the ID context, psychiatric medications, systems oriented family therapy, and residential care were judged more effective for White than for Black or Hispanic youth. Evidence-based practice research may be hampered by inattention to the social context of behavioral symptoms. Context may activate implicit racial assumptions about treatment effectiveness. Implications are for clinical training to improve service delivery, and future clinical research. 相似文献
166.
Yun Wang Yuan Zhou Li‐Lin Rao Rui Zheng Zhu‐Yuan Liang Xiao‐Ping Chen Cheng Tan Zhi‐Qiang Tian Chun‐Hui Wang Yan‐Qiang Bai Shan‐Guang Chen Shu Li 《Applied cognitive psychology》2017,31(5):500-507
High levels of cooperation and low aggression seem obviously vital to the successful implementation of space missions. To elucidate the effect of microgravity on these behaviors, we investigated whether cooperative and aggressive behaviors would be affected in 16 male volunteers during 45‐day ?6° head‐down bed rest, which is a reliable simulation model for most physiological effects of spaceflight. We used an ultimatum game task to evaluate the cooperative behavior and a revised competitive reaction time test to evaluate the aggressive behavior simultaneously. We found that (1) the participants became less cooperative in the post‐bed rest phase in comparison with the pre‐bed rest phase and (2) the participants became more aggressive in the in‐bed rest phase in comparison with the pre‐bed rest phase. These findings provide evidence that head‐down bed rest may affect both cooperative and aggressive behaviors in males, suggesting an important perspective for future studies in space psychology.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
167.
Lili Tian Huihui Chen Lejie Zhu Dahua Tang E. Scott Huebner Ying Yang Huijing Yang 《Journal of business and psychology》2017,32(4):441-453
Purpose
Based on crossover theory and the actor-partner interdependence model, the purpose of this study was to investigate the crossover process of work engagement among Chinese dual-working couples.Design/Methodology/Approach
Fifty-one dual-working couples first completed a general questionnaire to collect basic demographic information and then completed a weekly diary over five consecutive work weeks.Findings
The results of multilevel analyses showed that (1) actor’s work engagement had a significant impact on his or her own work performance, (2) communication quality between the dual-working couples moderated the crossover of work engagement, but this effect was only found from husbands to wives and when women scored high on communication quality, (3) when men were treated as actors, the actor’s work engagement interacted with communication quality to relate to the partner’s work performance, through the mediating mechanism of the partner’s work engagement.Implications
Dual-working couples should communicate with each other frequently through sharing positive experiences, and each member of the couple should support the partner through concrete actions. Organizations should adequately facilitate employees’ engagement, as engaged employees can not only positively influence their colleagues but also their partners at home.Originality/Value
Previous research on work engagement has focused mainly on static and cross-sectional studies, and most studies on crossover have been conducted primarily in the context of western cultures, whereas systematic and empirical study of oriental cultures, especially Chinese cultures, is relatively scarce. The current study explored the crossover process of work engagement among Chinese dual-working couples using a diary study methodology.168.
以不同阅读水平的30名小学三年级儿童为被试,以比较型算术应用题为材料,对解决算术应用题的能力进行研究,结果如下:1)在总得分上,阅读能力优秀组的得分显著高于阅读能力不良组,其它各组之间差异不显著。在解决问题的总时间上,阅读理解主效应显著,各组之间差异均显著,阅读能力越好,解题时间越少。2)题目类型主效应显著,一致型题得分显著高于不一致型题。在解题时间上,题目类型主效应不显著。 相似文献
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170.
文章综述了动态系统研究方法在社会心理学中的应用。社会心理学现象具有复杂性、时间性和动态性特点,动态分析方法如动态系统行为模式确定、动态系统稳定性分析、人工神经网络和元细胞自动机等计算机模型的应用,可以有效的捕捉到人类思维和行为的这些特点。目前动态分析方法已经在社会心理学的动态属性研究中取得了一定的进展。 相似文献