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361.
Wen-jun Gui Peng-yun Wang Xu Lei Tian Lin Marilyn Horta Xiao-yi Liu 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(3):387-396
ABSTRACTEvidence has demonstrated that sleep-related memory consolidation declines in ageing. However, little is known about age-related changes to sleep-related emotional memory consolidation, especially when considering the positivity effect observed in older adults. In the present study, we sought to explore whether there is a positive emotional bias in sleep-related memory consolidation among healthy older adults. Young and older adults were randomly assigned either into a sleep or wake condition. All participants encoded positive, negative, and neutral stimuli and underwent recognition tests immediately (test 1), after a 12-hour sleep/wake interval (test 2), and 3 days after test 2 (test 3). Results showed that age-related differences of sleep beneficial effect were modulated by emotion valence. In particular, sleep selectively enhanced positive memory in older adults, while in young adults sleep beneficial effect was manifested in neutral memory. Moreover, the sleep beneficial effect can be maintained at least 3 days in both young and older adults. These findings suggest that older adults had preserved but positive bias of sleep-related memory consolidation, which could be one of the underlying mechanisms for their generally better emotional well-being in daily life. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay among sleep and emotional memory in older adults. 相似文献
362.
363.
叙事医学三要素与身体社会学三项核心维度在理论上的耦合性,可以厘清以下关系:第一,叙事医学的对象是意义再生和共享的身体,而非疾病和独特的疾病体验;第二,叙事医学是从陌生化的疾病体验中,再现患者(他人)的社会性身体,再现医生真实的“自我”;第三,叙事共同体的目标不是消除疾病,而是通过发现、阅读、倾听和拥有共同的身体故事来实现。叙事医学的三要素与身体社会学的三个维度的理论耦合,解答了叙事医学应关注什么、再现什么、谁归属及归属何处的问题,也为认识医患关系提供了一种新的审视思路和构建方案。
相似文献364.
史密斯质疑宗教概念的普遍有效性,从词源学和观念史角度对宗教的含义及其变迁作了历史考察,指出它不过是西方近代文明的一个产物,并不适合解释其他文明的生活传统,主张用信仰和累积的传统两个独立的概念取而代之。依据这一概念框架来解释儒家传统会消除一些困难。 相似文献
365.
Cui W Darby-King A Grimes MT Howland JG Wang YT McLean JH Harley CW 《Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)》2011,18(5):283-291
An increase in synaptic AMPA receptors is hypothesized to mediate learning and memory. AMPA receptor increases have been reported in aversive learning models, although it is not clear if they are seen with memory maintenance. Here we examine AMPA receptor changes in a cAMP/PKA/CREB-dependent appetitive learning model: odor preference learning in the neonate rat. Rat pups were given a single pairing of peppermint and 2 mg/kg isoproterenol, which produces a 24-h, but not a 48-h, peppermint preference in the 7-d-old rat pup. GluA1 PKA-dependent phosphorylation peaked 10 min after the 10-min training trial and returned to baseline within 90 min. At 24 h, GluA1 subunits did not change overall but were significantly increased in synaptoneurosomes, consistent with increased membrane insertion. Immunohistochemistry revealed a significant increase in GluA1 subunits in olfactory bulb glomeruli, the targets of olfactory nerve axons. Glomerular increases were seen at 3 and 24 h after odor exposure in trained pups, but not in control pups. GluA1 increases were not seen as early as 10 min after training and were no longer observed 48 h after training when odor preference is no longer expressed behaviorally. Thus, the pattern of increased GluA1 membrane expression closely follows the memory timeline. Further, blocking GluA1 insertion using an interference peptide derived from the carboxyl tail of the GluA1 subunit inhibited 24 h odor preference memory providing causative support for our hypothesis. PKA-mediated GluA1 phosphorylation and later GluA1 insertion could, conjointly, provide increased AMPA function to support both short-term and long-term appetitive memory. 相似文献
366.
Davelaar EJ Tian X Weidemann CT Huber DE 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(4):608-626
We investigated the basis of change detection in a short-term priming task. In two experiments, participants were asked to
indicate whether or not a target word was the same as a previously presented cue. Data from an experiment measuring magnetoencephalography
failed to find different patterns for “same” and “different” responses, consistent with the claim that both arise from a common
neural source, with response magnitude defining the difference between immediate novelty versus familiarity. In a behavioral
experiment, we tested and confirmed the predictions of a habituation account of these judgments by comparing conditions in
which the target, the cue, or neither was primed by its presentation in the previous trial. As predicted, cue-primed trials
had faster response times, and target-primed trials had slower response times relative to the neither-primed baseline. These
results were obtained irrespective of response repetition and stimulus–response contingencies. The behavioral and brain activity
data support the view that detection of change drives performance in these tasks and that the underlying mechanism is neuronal
habituation. 相似文献
367.
现实生活中的谈判通常发生在特定的社会情境中, 谈判者也总在扮演着某种角色。本研究探索了买卖交易谈判中谈判者角色影响谈判结果的作用机制。研究提出了一个关于谈判者角色诱发框架效应的理论模型, 然后通过两个模拟谈判实验对这一模型进行验证。实验1表明, 买家知觉到的馅饼大于卖家知觉到的馅饼, 且谈判者知觉到的馅饼在谈判者角色与谈判者绩效间起部分中介作用。实验2发现, 即使保留买家与卖家的角色标签, 如果剥离了金钱作为交易介质这一重要特征, 两个谈判角色知觉到的馅饼也没有差异。研究揭示了谈判者角色影响谈判结果的作用机制, 对谈判者如何利用情境因素取得更好的谈判结果具有实践意义。 相似文献
368.
一、科学的技术与经验的技术对于技术,学界有多种理解。本文直接采用笔者在《从太和殿的建造看经验、技术和科学的关系》一文中对技术的定义:技术是为达到特定目的而采用的有效手段和方法。它包括工具(包括人自身)和对工具的运用(技能、操作规则)(田松,1997年,第256页);并根据来源将技术简单地分为两类:科学的技术和经验的技术。其中技术的两项基本元素工具和技能,借鉴了 相似文献
369.
威尔豪森在其《以色列史绪论》中提出著名的来源批判理论。本文论述了这一诠释方法提出的背景以及主要内容,也探讨了威尔豪森的来源批判及其对以色列史的重构,评述了威尔豪森之来源批判所面临的挑战及其对圣经研究的贡献。 相似文献
370.
心理控制源在时间管理倾向影响唤起性、回避性两类拖延行为中的不同中介作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
拖延行为在大学生中相当普遍。以624名大学生为被试,采用结构方程模型的方法,本研究考察了时间管理倾向、心理控制源对唤起性、回避性2类拖延行为的综合影响。结果发现对于唤起性拖延,心理控制源中的内控型有负向直接影响,而机遇控制型则有正向直接影响;对于回避性拖延,权威控制型有正向直接影响。同时,时间管理倾向负向影响唤起性拖延和回避性拖延,其中对唤起性拖延的影响是通过心理控制源中的内控型和机遇控制型的完全中介作用实现的,以内控型为中介是其主要影响路径;对回避性拖延的影响则是存在着直接影响和以心理控制源中的权威控制型为中介来间接影响两条路径,直接影响是主要影响路径。 相似文献