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951.
The need for low cost, noninvasive procedures for aiding in the diagnosis and understanding of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) has led to theories and procedures examining the role of olfactory disorders because of the finding that the brains of AD patients invariably exhibit neuropathology hi the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. This loss correlates with the increase in the number of plaques and tangles and with the severity of dementia. Considered together, these findings suggest that brain structures closely related to the olfactory system demonstrate significant histopathology in AD. A comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to olfaction in persons with AD revealed that the olfactory identification ability of patients with memory disorders is impaired relative to controls. Consistency is lacking, however, when olfactory detection thresholds are investigated. Also, there is inconsistency in regards to severity of illness and olfactory function. In addition to differentiating AD patients from normals, the olfactory paradigm has shown some limited usefulness in differentiating AD patients from some other demented patients. 相似文献
952.
Monica L. Baskin Marietta H. Collins Fontina Brown Jeana R. Griffith Denisse Samuels Anissa Moody Martha P. Thompson James Eckman Nadine J. Kaslow 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1998,5(3):315-341
Sickle cell disease (SCD) occurs in 1 of every 400 to 500 African American births. Despite its prevalence, there has been a relative dearth of attention paid to SCD in the psychological literature. African American SCD adolescents and young adults, individuals at an already vulnerable developmental stage, are at increased risk for psychological distress and psychosocial impairments (e.g., depression and low self-esteem, poor social and academic/vocational functioning). Such difficulties often result in problematic adherence to medical regimens, and thus represent a potentially serious clinical and public health problem that merits the attention of psychologists working in medical settings. This article (1) reviews the psychosocial needs peculiar to SCD patients transitioning from adolescence to young adulthood; (2) applies a culturally informed stress-coping-adjustment framework to assess and address the psychological status, psychosocial functioning, and disease outcomes of these individuals; and (3) describes a culturally and developmentally sensitive, psychoeducational group intervention. 相似文献
953.
Bruce Thompson 《Journal of personality》1994,62(2):157-176
ABSTRACT This Article discusses reasons for the contemporary emphasis on evaluating the replicability of results from psychological research. Three logics for empirically evaluating the replicability of sample results—cross-validation, the jackknife, and the bootstrap—are described. A small heuristic data set is employed to make the discussion more concrete and accessible. 相似文献
954.
The Thurstone and the Bradley-Terry models, both initially advanced on intuitive grounds, have proved useful in the analysis of paired comparisons. The psychological meaning of these models and their relation to one another is unclear, but they fit data. Stevens has observed that there may be two basic mechanisms of discrimination 1) additive and 2) substitutive. We advance two corresponding mathematical models: that experienced sensation is 1) the sum of a large number of independent signals and 2) the maximum of a large number of independent signals. These assumptions yield 1) Thurstone's model and 2) the model of Bradley-Terry. Psychological interpretations of the various parameters, in terms of sensation, present themselves in a natural manner. Thus this paper presents a theory which unifies and interprets two paired comparison models that have proved useful in fitting experimental data.This research was supported in part by a National Science Foundation Grant GP 3807 and by the Army, Navy, and Air Force under ONR Contract # NONR-988(08), Task Order NR 042-004 with the Florida State University. 相似文献
955.
A reinforcement technique in counseling was used to modify a first grader's attending behavior. Pre- and post-counseling measurements were made and cumulative records were kept of attending time in counseling sessions and in arithmetic lessons, and a record was kept of completion vs. noncompletion of arithmetic assignments. The assessments made in regard to the arithmetic lessons enabled an investigation of transfer effects from counseling to the academic area. An investigation of transfer effects was also informally made relative to other school situations. Results showed increased attending behavior in counseling and in the classroom, and a marked improvement in completion of assignments, and were interpreted as supporting the use of a behavioral approach in elementary school counseling. 相似文献
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Richard W. Thompson Richard Enter John Tarpinian 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1966,1(5):437-438
Two experiments investigated the effect of using a different finger for inspection (I) than is used in making judgments on the size of a kinesthetic aftereffect (KAE). Experiment I investigated transfer of I stimulation of the ring finger to judgments made with the index finger, A control group used the index finger for both judgments and 1 period. Results indicated significant KAE for both groups. Experiment II replicated Experiment I except the second finger was used to test for transfer of I stimulation to judgments made with the index finger. Results indicated KAE for only the control group which used the index finger for both judgments and 1 stimulation. 相似文献
960.