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911.
912.
Techniques of behavioral self-control were employed in a class where a high level of on-task behavior had been established with externally administered reinforcement procedures. The behavioral self-control techniques maintained behavior at its ongoing high level both immediately following the externally administered reinforcement treatments and during follow-up treatments after five and seven weeks. Variability in on-task behavior was reduced during the behavioral self-control phases of the study. 相似文献
913.
914.
Snake fearful college students underwent Standardized Systematic Desensitization (SSD) treatment in which they received instructions designed to induce cognitions of either self- or drug-produced relaxation. Half of the subjects in each of these conditions were also given high expectancy therapy instructions and low expectancy therapy instructions respectively. All four SSD groups showed significantly greater improvement than a no-treatment control group on both the behavior avoidance test (BAT) and the self-report measure of fear. No differences between self- and drug-attributions of relaxation were found on any measure. Subjects' high expectancy ratings were significantly correlated with improvement on self-report measures but not related to BAT performance. 相似文献
915.
916.
Thomas R. Herzog 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1971,10(4):273-277
Single letters were presented for varying numbers of repeated brief exposures. The S reported on the target after each presentation, identifying only those symbols perceived with certainty. A d’ analysis of the results revealed that target-uncertainty reduction produced significant facilitation in the average level of perceptual sensitivity only in a condition in which the target symbol was exposed prior to each trial. Prior knowledge of the target symbol without prior exposure produced a measurable, but nonsignificant, facilitation in sensitivity. The data suggested that the growth curve normally associated with the repeated-presentations paradigm may be the result of a progressive liberalization of the S’s criterion for reporting in some studies. The data further showed that prior exposure and perhaps prior knowledge can significantly alter the shape of the repetition curve when the target is a single letter. These findings were interpreted as an indication that both amount and kind of target-uncertainty reduction can produce significant changes in the repetition effect for single letters. 相似文献
917.
A. John Ernst Larry Engberg David R. Thomas 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1971,16(2):177-180
Twelve pigeons were given successive discrimination training involving variable-interval reinforcement for key pecking in the presence of one intensity of monochromatic light randomly alternated with extinction for pecking during another intensity. All of the pigeons were then tested in extinction for generalization along the intensity dimension, and all showed a displacement of maximal responding from the positive stimulus in the direction opposite the negative stimulus. For six of the pigeons, for which the test included only three values beyond the positive stimulus, four showed peaked gradients but two did not, showing monotonic gradients with maximal responding to the most extreme test value. For another six pigeons tested over a wider range, all showed peaked gradients. Thus, when a sufficiently wide range of test values is employed, generalization gradients for visual intensity have the same peaked form as do gradients for qualitative visual dimensions such as wavelength or line angle. 相似文献
918.
919.
920.
Warning responses are described on the basis of interviews with 278 randomly selected families who were evacuated from their homes prior to a flood in Denver, Colorado, on June 16, 1965. Response patterns are analyzed in detail for families who were geographically separated at the time initial warnings were received. Numerous implications for community disaster planning are explicated. 相似文献