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181.
Among 96 Hispanic adults, mostly recent immigrants responding in Spanish, intercultural competence contributed to variance in acculturative distress beyond that already accounted for by general coping, acculturation, and sociodemographic variables. Intercultural competence best predicted acculturative distress. Findings suggest that Hispanics with a low sense of intercultural and intracultural proficiency may experience increased stress. Entre 96 adultos hispanos, inmigrantes en su mayor parte recientes que responden en el español, la capacidad intercultural contribuida a la variación de asimilación penosa más allá que ha sido justificada por el enfrentamiento general, asimilación, y los variables sociodemograficos. La capacidad intercultural que mejor predijo la penosa asimilación. Los hallazgos sugieren que los hispanos con un sentido bajo de nivel de competencia intercultural y intracultural pueden sufrir de un nivel alto de estrés. 相似文献
182.
Ann Lucas 《Sexuality & culture》2004,8(1):53-59
David Henry Sterry’s memoir, Chicken, recounts a year in the early 1970s when the author worked as a teenage prostitute in southern California. In recreating
Sterry’s encounters with his manager/pimp, other young sex workers, and a primarily female clientele, the book offers a perspective
that is unique among the larger genre created by the “sex worker literati.” By broadening our understanding of male prostitution
in particular, and sex workers and commercial sex consumers more generally, Sterry’s memoir is important to social scientists
and sex researchers as well as to devotees of pop culture. 相似文献
183.
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - 相似文献
184.
Todd Lucas 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2009,28(4):249-265
System justifying beliefs can have adaptive consequences for individuals that include enhanced coping and decreased emotional
distress. The present study examined whether individual differences in two kinds of system justifying beliefs uniquely predict
dispositional affect. Participants from across the United States were recruited via internet to complete dispositional measures
of procedural and distributive justice beliefs, and also brief measures of positive and negative affectivity. While belief
in fair outcomes (distributive just world beliefs) was generally associated with greater positive affectivity, belief in fair
processes (procedural just world beliefs) was modestly associated with decreased negative affectivity. In addition, positive
and negative affectivity were predicted by interactions between procedural and distributive just world beliefs, with each
accentuating the general emotional benefit provided by the other. Finally, an interactive effect of procedural just world
beliefs and social class was obtained for positive affectivity, with greater positive affectivity occurring for disadvantaged
(lower income) individuals who had strong procedural just world beliefs. In general, these results suggest the potential for
unique and interactive relationships between particular system justifying beliefs and measures of emotion, especially among
members of advantaged versus disadvantaged groups. 相似文献
185.
David C. Schwebel Elizabeth K. Lucas Alana Pearson 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(3):223-232
Children tend to overestimate their physical abilities, and that tendency is related to risk for unintentional injury. This
study tested whether or not children estimate their physical ability differently when exposed to stimuli that were highly
visually salient due to fluorescent coloring. Sixty-nine 6-year-olds judged physical ability to complete laboratory-based
physical tasks. Half judged ability using tasks that were painted black; the other half judged the same tasks, but the stimuli
were striped black and fluorescent lime-green. Results suggest the two groups judged similarly, but children took longer to
judge perceptually ambiguous tasks when those tasks were visually salient. In other words, visual salience increased decision-making
time but not accuracy of judgment. These findings held true after controlling for demographic and temperament characteristics. 相似文献
186.
Christelle Robert Erika Borella Delphine Fagot Thierry Lecerf Anik de Ribaupierre 《Memory & cognition》2009,37(3):336-345
The aim of this study was to examine to what extent inhibitory control and working memory capacity are related across the
life span. Intrusion errors committed by children and younger and older adults were investigated in two versions of the Reading
Span Test. In Experiment 1, a mixed Reading Span Test with items of various list lengths was administered. Older adults and
children recalled fewer correct words and produced more intrusions than did young adults. Also, age-related differences were
found in the type of intrusions committed. In Experiment 2, an adaptive Reading Span Test was administered, in which the list
length of items was adapted to each individual’s working memory capacity. Age groups differed neither on correct recall nor
on the rate of intrusions, but they differed on the type of intrusions. Altogether, these findings indicate that the availability
of attentional resources influences the efficiency of inhibition across the life span. 相似文献
187.
Bishara AJ Pleskac TJ Fridberg DJ Yechiam E Lucas J Busemeyer JR Finn PR Stout JC 《决策行为杂志》2009,22(4):435-454
Performance on complex decision-making tasks may depend on a multitude of processes. Two such tasks, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Balloon Analog Risk Task (BART), are of particular interest because they are associated with real world risky behavior, including illegal drug use. We used cognitive models to disentangle underlying processes in both tasks. Whereas behavioral measures from the IGT and BART were uncorrelated, cognitive models revealed two reliable cross-task associations. Results suggest that the tasks similarly measure loss aversion and decision-consistency processes, but not necessarily the same learning process. Additionally, substance-using individuals (and especially stimulant users) performed worse on the IGT than healthy controls did, and this pattern could be explained by reduced decision consistency. 相似文献
188.
Value as a Moderator in Subjective Well-Being 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
We investigated individual differences in the processes of subjective well-being (SWB). There were considerable individual differences in the domain that was most strongly associated with global life satisfaction. Individuals also differed significantly in the types of activities that they found satisfying. Moreover, these individual differences in the patterns of SWB were systematically related to value orientations. A 23-day daily diary study revealed that intraindividual changes in satisfaction were strongly influenced by the degree of success in the domains that individuals value. The present findings highlight the meaningful individual differences in the qualitative aspects of subjective well-being. 相似文献
189.
In Experiment I sixth-grade children learned two concept identification (CI) problems, a simple and a successive-reversal problem, either sequentially (Se) or concurrently (Con). Retention tests given during the CI problems indicated no significant differences in stimulus or response retention for any of the conditions. CI performance was poorer in the Con condition than in the Se condition. Contrary to adult data and predictions derived from the Bower and Trabasso (1964) model, there were fewer informed errors in the successive-reversal problem than the simple problem. 相似文献
190.
Time horizons in rats: the effect of operant control of access to future food. 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0 下载免费PDF全文
W Timberlake D J Gawley G A Lucas 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1988,50(3):405-417
The primary goal of this experiment was to determine whether the addition of an operant requirement for access to a less costly (continuous reinforcement) patch of future food increased the time horizon over which that future patch decreased intake in a currently available depleting (progressive-ratio) patch. Three groups of 4 rats were tested. Each member of the earned-time group was required to cumulate a fixed-time outside the progressive-ratio patch to obtain access to food in the less costly patch; the fixed-time requirement ranged from 2 to 64 min. Rats in the matched-time group received response-independent access to less costly food at the average delay shown by the earned-time group. Rats in the matched-time no-food group were removed from the chamber at the same average delay without receiving access to less costly food. Two of the earned-time rats showed an increased time horizon relative to that shown by the matched-time rats (approaching 40 min for 1 rat). The other 2 earned-time rats markedly increased instrumental responding but showed suppression of intake only when food was less than 20 min away. The matched-time group showed less suppression of intake over a similar range of delay intervals. Surprisingly, the matched-time no-food animals also showed suppression of intake concentrated at the end of the session, possibly reflecting the receipt of their entire daily ration 30 min after the session. The potential importance of time horizons to the foraging process is clear, but experimenters are still working out paradigms for investigation of these horizons. 相似文献