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121.
Identity has been studied extensively in several fields including organizational behavior, sociology, and psychology. Even though there have been significant advances, 2 areas of work deserve more attention. First, most empirical investigations have looked only at 1 or 2 identities at a time despite theoretical perspectives that indicate a need to address multiple identities simultaneously. Second, limited work using identity theory has been done in the human resource management (HRM) domain. The purpose of our research is to serve as a catalyst for future work by identifying 5 work‐relevant role‐based identities and creating a parsimonious measure for each. These metrics were tested, and initial evidence of their validity is provided using 6 independent samples. The empirical results suggest that the new measures in the role‐based identity scale can be useful in representing a more realistic and richer view of identity at work by simultaneously assessing 5 distinct role‐based identities. 相似文献
122.
Theresa E. Senn Amy Braksmajer Heidi Hutchins Michael P. Carey 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2017,24(4):496-507
Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with sexual risk behavior in adulthood. Traditional sexual risk reduction interventions do not meet the unique needs of women who have been sexually abused. In the current paper, we describe the four-stage process we followed to develop and refine a targeted sexual risk reduction intervention for this population. First, initial quantitative work revealed that the intervention should address how maladaptive thoughts related to traumatic sexualization, trust, powerlessness, and guilt/shame (traumagenic dynamics constructs) influence current sexual behavior. Second, qualitative interviews with 10 women who reported a history of CSA (M age = 34 years; 90% African American) as well as current sexual risk behavior provided support for targeting maladaptive thoughts associated with these traumagenic dynamics constructs. Third, based on the qualitative and quantitative results, we developed a 5-session, group-delivered intervention to address the maladaptive thoughts that occurred as a result of CSA, as well as the cognitive-behavioral determinants of sexual risk behavior. This intervention drew heavily on cognitive behavioral techniques to address cognitions associated with CSA and the links between these cognitions and current sexual risk behavior. Techniques from trauma-based therapies, as well as motivational techniques, were also incorporated into the intervention. Finally, we refined the intervention with 24 women (M age = 33 years; 79% African American), and assessed feasibility and acceptability. These women reported high levels of satisfaction with the intervention. The resultant intervention is currently being evaluated in a small, randomized controlled trial. 相似文献
123.
This paper examines consumer response to a particular social entrepreneurship initiative, The Big Issue. Focusing on consumer motivation, the research explores the utilitarian value of the product as compared to the desire to help the homeless as the primary motivation for purchase. The research found that, although the utilitarian value partly motivated purchase, consumers widely perceived there to be a helping dimension to the exchange. Consumers valued the empowerment goals espoused by The Big Issue and found it rewarding to play a part in the empowerment process. The appearance and manner of The Big Issue vendors influenced consumer reactions to the initiative, indicating a need for careful management of ‘beneficiary portrayal’ in this context. 相似文献
124.
Wolf E Mehling Judith Wrubel Jennifer J Daubenmier Cynthia J Price Catherine E Kerr Theresa Silow Viranjini Gopisetty Anita L Stewart 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2011,6(1):6
Enhancing body awareness has been described as a key element or a mechanism of action for therapeutic approaches often categorized
as mind-body approaches, such as yoga, TaiChi, Body-Oriented Psychotherapy, Body Awareness Therapy, mindfulness based therapies/meditation,
Feldenkrais, Alexander Method, Breath Therapy and others with reported benefits for a variety of health conditions. To better
understand the conceptualization of body awareness in mind-body therapies, leading practitioners and teaching faculty of these
approaches were invited as well as their patients to participate in focus groups. The qualitative analysis of these focus
groups with representative practitioners of body awareness practices, and the perspectives of their patients, elucidated the
common ground of their understanding of body awareness. For them body awareness is an inseparable aspect of embodied self
awareness realized in action and interaction with the environment and world. It is the awareness of embodiment as an innate
tendency of our organism for emergent self-organization and wholeness. The process that patients undergo in these therapies
was seen as a progression towards greater unity between body and self, very similar to the conceptualization of embodiment
as dialectic of body and self described by some philosophers as being experienced in distinct developmental levels. 相似文献
125.
Three general properties of social stereotypes are the perception of differences between ingroups and outgroups (intergroup differentiation), the perception of ingroups as having more desirable attributes than outgroups (ingroup favoritism), and the greater accuracy of ingroup perceptions (differential accuracy). We present and test an inductive-reasoning model that accounts for all 3 phenomena, and we explicate the relations among them. Based on empirical evidence, the model assumes that most people have a positive self-image, that they project these self-images more strongly to ingroups than to outgroups, and that their self-images are valid cues for judgments about social groups. Two minimal-group experiments using a crossed-categorization paradigm support the model and provide new evidence for underlying psychological processes. 相似文献
126.
Robert H. Remien Theresa Exner Robert M. Kertzner Anke A. Ehrhardt Mary Jane Rotheram-Borus Mallory O. Johnson Lance S. Weinhardt Lauren E. Kittel Rise B. Goldstein Rogrio M. Pinto Stephen F. Morin Margaret A. Chesney Marguerita Lightfoot Cheryl Gore-Felton Brian Dodge Jeffrey A. Kelly 《American journal of community psychology》2006,38(3-4):221-221
Objective: An enhanced stress and coping model was used to explain depression among HIV‐positive women in healthcare and community settings where highly active anti‐retroviral treatment (HAART) was commonplace. Method: HIV‐infected women in four cities (N=978) were assessed, cross‐sectionally, for mental and physical health, stress, social support, and other background factors. Results: Self‐reported level of depressive symptomatology was high. Number of physical symptoms, illness intrusiveness, and perceived stress were positively associated with depressed mood, while coping self‐efficacy and social support were negatively associated. Stress mediated the effect of health status on depression and coping self‐efficacy mediated the effect of psychosocial resources on depression. Our enhanced stress and coping model accounted for 52% of variance in depressive symtpomatology. Conclusions: Interventions focused on improving coping self‐efficacy, bolstering social supports, and decreasing stress in the lives of HIV‐positive women may help to reduce the negative effects of HIV disease on mood. 相似文献
127.
128.
Peter J. Molfese Terri L. Bonebright Theresa M. Herman Catherine A. Roe 《Behavior research methods》2002,34(2):227-230
This project uses REALbasic 3.5 in the Mac OS X environment for development of a configuration tool that builds a data collection procedure for investigating the effectiveness of sonified graphs. The advantage of using REALbasic with the Mac OS X system is that it provides rapid development of stimulus presentation, direct recording of data to files, and control over other procedural issues. The program can be made to run natively on the new Mac OS X system, older Mac OS systems, and Windows (98SE, ME, 2000 PRO). With modification, similar programs could be used to present any number of visual/auditory stimulus combinations, complete with questions for each stimulus. 相似文献
129.
Target 2 of the National Agenda for Improving Results for Children and Youth with Serious Emotional Disturbance stipulates that communities and schools serve children and youth with emotional needs in their neighborhood homes and regular classrooms by developing the capacity of teachers, schools, and communities to provide supports and resources. This statement is partially based upon the idea that children and youth who are placed out-of-district for special needs and services are often alienated from their neighborhoods and their communities. The Westerly, RI, and Alliance, OH, school districts, service delivery agencies and families collaborated to implement system-wide change, so as to accomplish two main goals. First, they intended on retaining students with emotional needs in their neighborhood schools and in regular classrooms. Second, they aimed to increase their effectiveness in addressing the needs of all students by providing a range of integrated resources. Both communities were strongly driven by the underlying objective: to improve the educational, economic, and social outcomes for all children. 相似文献
130.
Previously, the authors found that partial denervation of the motor cortex in adult animals can enhance this region's neuronal growth response to relevant behavioral change. Rats with partial corpus callosum transections that were forced to rely on one forelimb for 18 days had increased dendritic arborization of layer V pyramidal neurons in the opposite motor cortex compared to controls. This was not found as a result of denervation alone or of forced forelimb use alone. However, it seemed possible that each independent manipulation (i.e., forced forelimb use alone and callosal transections alone) resulted in neural structural alterations that were simply not revealed in measurements of dendritic branch number and/or not inclusive of layer V dendrites. This possibility was assessed in the current study with a reexamination of the Golgi-Cox impregnated tissue generated in the previous study. Tissue was quantified from rats that received either partial transections of the rostral two-thirds of the corpus callosum (CCX) or sham operations (Sham) followed either by 18 days of forced use of one forelimb (Use) or unrestricted use of both forelimbs (Cont). Measurements of apical and basilar dendrites from pyramidal neurons of layer II/III and layer V were performed to detect spine addition resulting from either increased spine density or the addition of dendritic material. As hypothesized, significant spine addition was found following forced forelimb use alone (Sham+Use) and callosal transections alone (CCX+Cont). However, forced use primarily increased spines on layer II/III pyramidal neurons, whereas callosal transections primarily increased dendritic spines on layer V pyramidal neurons in comparison to Sham+Cont. A much more robust increase in layer V dendritic spines was found in animals with the combination of forced forelimb use and denervation (CCX+Use). In contrast to the effects of forced use alone, however, CCX+Use rats failed to show major net increases in spines on layer II/III neurons. These results indicate that while callosal denervation may greatly enhance the neuronal growth and synaptogenic response to behavioral change in layer V, it may also limit spine addition associated with forced forelimb use in layer II/III of the motor cortex. 相似文献