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Research on psychological influences on physiology primarily focuses on biological responses during stressful challenges, and how those responses can become dysregulated with prolonged or repeated exposure to stressful circumstances. At the same time, humans spend considerable time recovering from those challenges, and a host of biological processes involved in restoration and repair take place during normal, non-stressed activities. We review restorative biological processes and evidence for links between psychosocial factors and several restorative processes including sleep, wound healing, antioxidant production, DNA repair, and telomerase function. Across these biological processes, a growing body of evidence suggests that experiencing negative emotional states, including acute and chronic stress, depressive symptoms, and individual differences in negative affectivity and hostility, can influence these restorative processes. This review calls attention to restorative processes as fruitful mechanisms and outcomes for future biobehavioral research. 相似文献
414.
Prospective memory (PM) involves forming intentions, retaining those intentions, and later executing those intended responses at the appropriate time. Few studies have investigated this capacity in animals. Monkeys performed a computerized task that assessed their ability to remember to make a particular response if they observed a PM cue embedded within an ongoing learning-set (LS) task. At a break in the LS task, monkeys selected one of two icons indicating that they had or had not encoded the occurrence of the PM cue (the latter icon resumed the LS task). Critically, during this response period, the PM response icon appeared after a delay during which monkeys could self-initiate the PM response prior to receiving any external prompt. Monkeys selected the PM and LS icons when each was the optimal response, illustrating that they could encode, store, and respond appropriately to a stimulus event in the future. Critically, some monkeys self-initiated the PM response prior to that icon's appearance, indicating that they could retrieve the PM and act on their intention to make that response without the aid of a prompt. These monkeys appeared capable of using PM in this task. Thus, this capacity appears not to be limited to humans. 相似文献
415.
Klaus Fiedler Janis Jung Michaela Wänke Theodore Alexopoulos 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2012,48(5):1014-1021
Construal-level theory's basic assumption of a positive relationship between psychological distance and abstractness of mental representations presupposes a unitary distance construct. Although prior research testifies to convergent influences of temporal, spatial, social and reality (probability) distance, there is no direct evidence for the integration function of all four major distance aspects assessed within the same study with reference to the same target objects. Does high (low) distance in any aspect imply high (low) distance in all other aspects, or are discounting effects (e.g., high temporal distance rendering high personal distance obsolete) sometimes apparent in negative correlations? In pursuing this question, we obtained strong and regular positive correlations between all four distance aspects, across judges and judgment targets, regardless of whether freely construed future episodes or really experienced past episodes were judged. Existing ecological correlations seem to account for the positive relationship between time, space, probability and temporal distance. 相似文献
416.
M Staton-Tindall E Wahler JM Webster T Godlaski R Freeman C Leukefeld 《Psychological services》2012,9(3):298-309
Research has consistently shown that alcohol use is a problem in rural communities and access to substance abuse treatment, particularly evidence-based treatment is limited. Because telemedicine has been shown to be effective in delivering services, this article presents a novel and innovative way of using telemedicine technology in the form of videoconferencing to deliver an evidence-based alcohol intervention (motivational enhancement therapy) with at-risk alcohol users in real-world settings (rural probation and parole offices). This article focuses on: (a) creating a profile of an at-risk group of rural alcohol users; (b) describing the evidence-based intervention; and (c) describing the innovative telemedicine-based service delivery approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
417.
Theodore Fallon Jr. M.D. M.P.H. Andres Pumariega M.D. Wesley Sowers M.D. Robert Klaehn M.D. Charles Huffine M.D. Thomas Vaughan Jr. M.D. Nancy Winters M.D. Mark Chenven M.D. Larry Marx M.D. Albert Zachik M.D. William Heffron M.D. Katherine Grimes M.D. M.P.H. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(2):140-152
The Child and Adolescent Level of Care System/Child and Adolescent Service Intensity Instrument (CALOCUS/ CASII) is designed to help determine the intensity of services needed for a child served in a mental health system of care. The instrument contains eight dimensions that are rated following a comprehensive clinical evaluation. The dimensions are risk of harm, functionality, co-morbidity (psychiatric, substance abuse, development disability and medical), environmental stressors, environmental supports, the child's resiliency, and the child and family's willingness to engage in treatment. An algorithm connects the ratings to a level of care recommendation. The instrument specifies six levels of care defined flexibly enough to consider whatever services are available. The results of psychometric testing using raters with a broad range of clinical experience and training from four different systems of care around the country are presented. The testing demonstrates excellent reliability when rating vignettes. Using children and adolescents in live system of care clinical settings, the CALOCUS/CASII demonstrates reasonable validity when compared with the Child Global Assessment Scale, and the Child and Adolescent Functional Assessment Scale. 相似文献
418.
Theodore R. Schatzki 《Continental Philosophy Review》2006,39(2):155-182
This essay analyzes the time of human activity. It begins by discussing how most accounts of action treat the time of action
as succession, using Donald Davidson's account of action as illustration. It then argues that an adequate account of action
and its determinants, one able to elucidate the ``indeterminacy of action,' requires an alternative conception of action
time. The remainder of the essay constructs a propitious account of the time and determination of action. It does so by critically
drawing on Henri Bergson's notion of duration and Martin Heidegger's notion of the teleological dimensionality (past, present,
and future) of existence. Whereas Bergson provides valuable insights into the continuity of activity, Heidegger illuminates
the determination of action. Combining their insights yields an account of the time of activity that supplements succession
with a nonsuccessive temporality: the time of activity is an overlapping continuum of action performances each of which is
structured as coming towards an end starting from a motivating state of affairs. The essay concludes with brief thoughts on
what justifies calling the nonsuccessive dimensionality of existence a kind of time. 相似文献
419.
Alexandria Saulsberry Marya E. Corden Karen Taylor-Crawford Theodore J. Crawford Mary Johnson Jennifer Froemel Ashley Walls Joshua Fogel Monika Marko-Holguin Benjamin W. Van Voorhees 《Journal of child and family studies》2013,22(1):150-160
Early preventive interventions for depressive disorders in racial/ethnic minorities may help to reduce lifetime depression outcome disparities by improving developmental trajectories and social outcomes. We describe the development process, intervention and evaluation plan for a culturally adapted, low-cost, primary care/Internet-based depression-prevention intervention (CURB, Chicago Urban Resiliency Building). CURB is culturally adapted for socio-economically disadvantaged African-American and Latino adolescents according to the PEN-3 model of health promotion programs (Airhihenbuwa in Health and culture: beyond the Western paradigm, Sage Publishers, Thousand Oaks, 1995). Based on the idea that health behavior is rooted in culture, the PEN-3 model contains three interdependent dimensions that influence health beliefs and behaviors. Within each dimension are factors (using the acronym PEN) that must be considered about the target culture. Application of the PEN-3 model occurred in 3 phases. In each phase, a dimension of the model was explored and subsequent changes were made to the intervention so as to be more culturally suitable. In the CURB clinical trial, adolescents ages 13–17 will be recruited from wait-lists for mental health services at community health care provider organizations and screened for risk of future depressive disorder in the primary care sites. Adolescents screening positive for persistent depressed mood will be randomly assigned to either the CURB intervention group or the wait-list control group. The study aims are to determine if participants in the CURB intervention group will have lower levels of depressive symptoms and/or a lower cumulative incidence of depressive episodes. 相似文献
420.
Crowell SE Beauchaine TP Hsiao RC Vasilev CA Yaptangco M Linehan MM McCauley E 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(1):45-57
Self-inflicted injury (SII) in adolescence marks heightened risk for suicide attempts, completed suicide, and adult psychopathology.
Although several studies have revealed elevated rates of depression among adolescents who self injure, no one has compared
adolescent self injury with adolescent depression on biological, self-, and informant-report markers of vulnerability and
risk. Such a comparison may have important implications for treatment, prevention, and developmental models of self injury
and borderline personality disorder. We used a multi-method, multi-informant approach to examine how adolescent SII differs
from adolescent depression. Self-injuring, depressed, and typical adolescent females (n = 25 per group) and their mothers completed measures of psychopathology and emotion regulation, among others. In addition,
we assessed electrodermal responding (EDR), a peripheral biomarker of trait impulsivity. Participants in the SII group (a)
scored higher than depressed adolescents on measures of both externalizing psychopathology and emotion dysregulation, and
(b) exhibited attenuated EDR, similar to patterns observed among impulsive, externalizing males. Self-injuring adolescents
also scored higher on measures of borderline pathology. These findings reveal a coherent pattern of differences between self-injuring
and depressed adolescent girls, consistent with theories that SII differs from depression in etiology and developmental course. 相似文献