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Hogarth L Dickinson A Austin A Brown C Duka T 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2008,61(11):1658-1668
Three localized, visual pattern stimuli were trained as predictive signals of auditory outcomes. One signal partially predicted an aversive noise in Experiment 1 and a neutral tone in Experiment 2, whereas the other signals consistently predicted either the occurrence or absence of the noise. The expectation of the noise was measured during each signal presentation, and only participants for whom this expectation demonstrated contingency knowledge showed differential attention to the signals. Importantly, when attention was measured by visual fixations, the contingency-aware group attended more to the partially predictive signal than to the consistent predictors in both experiments. This profile of visual attention supports the Pearce and Hall (1980) theory of the role of attention in associative learning. 相似文献
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Sanne Theodora Sophia Ghielen Marianne van Woerkom Maria Christina Meyers 《The journal of positive psychology》2018,13(6):573-585
This paper reviews studies of strengths interventions published between 2011 and 2016. Strengths interventions aim to promote well-being or other positive outcomes by facilitating strengths identification, and sometimes also strengths use and/or development. The present review provides an overview of the different strengths interventions that are investigated, their effectiveness, and moderating and mediating factors. Results of the 18 (quasi-)experimental studies that were identified through a systematic literature search showed that all types of strengths interventions had positive outcomes in terms of well-being, job outcomes (e.g. work engagement), personal growth initiative, and group or team outcomes (e.g. class cohesion). Hope, positive affect, authentic self-expression, perceptions of the employment relationship, and feelings of social worth were identified as mediators, whereas extraversion and having specific strengths (e.g. persistence) were identified as moderators. Based on these findings, we discuss implications for future research and practice. 相似文献
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Mateusz?PolakEmail author Karolina?Duka?a Malwina?Szpitalak Romuald?Polczyk 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2016,35(1):1-12
The misinformation effect is regarded by many to be fully memory-related. The paper presents results demonstrating that it may occur without memory distortions or source monitoring errors. Three experiments were conducted, in which the participants were allowed to access the original and post-event source while answering. All experiments used a discrepancy detection test in order to see whether participants aware of discrepancies and having access to the original source, still provide answers consistent with misinformation. In Experiments 2 and 3, the participants’ actions in the modified procedure were recorded, ensuring that subjects actively access the original source. A misinformation effect was obtained in all experiments. Moreover, awareness of discrepancies did not fully protect against the misinformation effect. Results demonstrate that existing memory-related explanations of the misinformation effect, including source misattribution, may not be enough to fully understand it. 相似文献
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Mary Pritzlaff Arielle Yorczyk Linda S. Robinson Sara Pirzadeh-Miller Tirun Lin David Euhus Theodora S Ross 《Journal of genetic counseling》2014,23(6):1034-1044
CancerGene Connect (CGC) is a web-based program that combines the collection of family and medical history, cancer risk assessment, psychosocial assessment, report templates, a result tracking system, and a patient follow up system. The performance of CGC was assessed in several ways: pre-appointment completion data analyzed for demographic and health variables; a time study to assess overall time per case and to compare the data entry by the genetic counselor compared to the patient, and a measured quality assessment of the program via observation and interview of patients. Prior to their appointment, 52.3 % of 2,414 patients completed the online patient questionnaire section of CGC. There were significant differences in completion rates among racial and ethnic groups. County hospital patients were less likely to complete the questionnaire than insured patients (p?0.0001); and likewise uninsured patients and patients with Medicare/Medicaid were less likely to complete the questionnaire than private patients (p?0.0001). The average genetic counseling time per case was 82 min, with no significant differences whether the counselor or the patient completed CGC. CGC reduces genetic counselor time by approximately 14–46 % compared to average time per case using traditional risk assessment and documentation methods previously reported. All surveyed users felt the questionnaire was easy to understand. CGC is an effective tool that streamlines workflow, and provides a standardized data collection tool that can be used to evaluate and improve the genetic counseling process. 相似文献
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Yvonne Gerarda Theodora van Rossenberg Howard J. Klein Kajsa Asplund Kathleen Bentein Heiko Breitsohl Aaron Cohen 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2018,27(2):153-167
This position paper presents the state-of-the art of the field of workplace commitment. Yet, for workplace commitment to stay relevant, it is necessary to look beyond current practice and to extrapolate trends to envision what will be needed in future research. Therefore, the aim of this paper is twofold, first, to consolidate our current understanding of workplace commitment in contemporary work settings and, second, to look into the future by identifying and discussing avenues for future research. Representative of the changing nature of work, we explicitly conceptualize workplace commitment in reference to (A) “Temporary work”, and (B) “Cross-boundary work”. Progressing from these two themes, conceptual, theoretical and methodological advances of the field are discussed. The result is the identification of 10 key paths of research to pursues, a shared agenda for the most promising and needed directions for future research and recommendations for how these will translate into practice. 相似文献