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951.
952.
Lindsey M. Young Boris B. Baltes Angela K. Pratt 《Journal of business and psychology》2007,21(4):511-539
Previous research has demonstrated that the use of general behaviors specified by a life-management strategy entitled Selection,
Optimization, and Compensation (SOC) reduces, if only to a small extent, the perceived amounts of the main antecedents (i.e.,
job/family stressors) of work-family conflict. The results of the current study demonstrate that several variables that impact
the amount of resources demanded of, or resources available to, an individual (e.g., supervisor support) moderate the relationship
between SOC behaviors and job/family stressors. Specifically, SOC strategies are more effective than previously thought at
reducing job/family stressors for precisely those individuals in the most demanding situations. 相似文献
953.
Many studies have compared the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with and without borderline personality disorder (BPD), but there is limited knowledge on differences within the population of borderline patients. One potential index of heterogeneity is disorder severity. In the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project, we examined whether the severity of borderline personality disorder, as measured by the number of criteria present, is associated with co-morbidity of Axis I and Axis II diagnoses, as well as demographic factors and psychosocial functioning. Two thousand three hundred psychiatric outpatients were interviewed with the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality (SIDP-IV). Approximately ten percent (n = 237) of the patients were diagnosed with BPD, and they were divided into four groups based on the number of DSM-IV criteria met, 5 (n = 89), 6 (n = 70), 7 (n = 46), and 8 or 9 (n = 32). There were greater rates of drug use disorders and comorbid Axis II disorders, as well as a greater number of suicidal gestures, in patients meeting seven or more BPD criteria. There were no significant differences between the groups in the number and specific rates of other co-morbid Axis I disorders, other measures of psychosocial functioning, or demographic correlates. Sub-typing of borderline patients by the number of criteria met provides a limited explanation for heterogeneity within BPD patients. 相似文献
954.
Button TM Corley RP Rhee SH Hewitt JK Young SE Stallings MC 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2007,116(3):554-564
Many putative environmental risks correlate with individuals' genotypes. The association between delinquent peer affiliation and conduct problems may occur because of shared genetic liability. Five hundred fifty three monozygotic and 558 dizygotic twin pairs, aged 11 to 18 years, were assessed for delinquent peer affiliation and conduct problems. The authors investigated whether genes contribute to both delinquent peer affiliation and the correlation between delinquent peer affiliations and conduct problems. Delinquent peer affiliation was influenced by genetic, shared environmental, and nonshared environmental factors; genetic factors also contributed to the correlation between delinquent peer affiliations and conduct problems, providing evidence for genotype-environment correlation. The magnitude of the genetic variance of conduct problems was contextually dependent on levels of delinquent peer affiliation and was greater at higher levels of delinquent peer affiliation. 相似文献
955.
Randall C. Swaim Nicholas E. Perrine Patricia A. Aloise‐Young 《Journal of applied social psychology》2007,37(8):1681-1696
The theory of reasoned action (TRA), theory of planned behavior (TPB), and a revised TPB were evaluated using manifest variable structural equation modeling among 4th‐ through 6th‐grade students for effectiveness in predicting lifetime cigarette use. TRA was an adequate model for female students, but not male students. TPB resulted in improved model fit over TRA for both male and female students, and a revised TPB model improved fit marginally among female students. Tests for differences across gender indicated that the relationship between intention to use and lifetime cigarette use was stronger among female compared to male students. The results indicate that the TPB is an effective model for predicting lifetime cigarette use among late elementary‐school‐aged children. 相似文献
956.
Jeff Sigafoos Mark O’Reilly Helen Cannella Chaturi Edrisinha Berenice de la Cruz Megha Upadhyaya Giulio E. Lancioni Anna Hundley Alonzo Andrews Carolyn Garver David Young 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2007,16(2):93-109
We evaluated a video prompting and fading procedure for teaching three adults with developmental disabilities to wash dishes.
Video prompting involved showing video clips depicting each step of the task. All three adults reached 90–100% correct when
video prompting was implemented. Following acquisition, video prompting was withdrawn, but performance deteriorated. Subsequently,
a 3-step fading procedure was implemented in which the separate video clips were merged to form larger, multi-step segments
of video. Performance reached 80–100% correct as the video prompts were re-applied and then faded. Performance decreased at
the 3-month follow-up when prompting was removed, but stabilized at 80–90% correct when the third step in the fading sequence
was reinstated. These data suggest a promising approach for fading video prompts. 相似文献
957.
Visual variability discrimination requires an observer to categorize collections of items on the basis of the variability
in the collection; such discriminations may be vital to the adaptive actions of both humans and other animals. We present
a theory of visual variability discrimination that aggregates localized differences between nearby items, and we compare this
finding differences model with a previously proposed positional entropy model across several data sets involving both people
and pigeons. We supplement those previously published data sets with four new experiments, three of which involve arrays comprising
items entailing systematic, quantitative differences. Although both theories provide strong and similar fits of the published
data sets, only the finding differences model is applicable to investigations involving quantitative item differences, providing
excellent fits in these new experiments. 相似文献
958.
Jaehun Kim Kwanguk Kim Deog Young Kim Won Hyek Chang Chang-Il Park Suk Hoon Ohn Kiwan Han Jeonghun Ku Sang Won Nam In Young Kim Sun I Kim 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2007,10(1):7-15
In this paper, we propose a system for training of stroke patients with unilateral neglect by using technology of virtual reality (VR). The proposed system is designed to compensate for unilateral neglect. This system contains the calibration of unilateral neglect and the training of this disease. The calibration procedure is implemented by aligning the virtual object at a subjective middle line. The training procedure is implemented by completing the missions that are used to keep the virtual avatar safe during crossing the street in a virtual environment. The results of this study show that the proposed system is effective to train unilateral neglect. The left to right ratio scores extracted from this system gradually decrease as the sessions of training are repeated. To validate the VR system parameters, the parameters are analyzed by correlation with those of traditional unilateral neglect assessment methods (such as the line bisection test and the cancellation test). 相似文献
959.
Cognitive behavior therapy with Internet addicts: treatment outcomes and implications. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Kimberly S Young 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2007,10(5):671-679
Research over the last decade has identified Internet addiction as a new and often unrecognized clinical disorder that impact a user's ability to control online use to the extent that it can cause relational, occupational, and social problems. While much of the literature explores the psychological and social factors underlying Internet addiction, little if any empirical evidence exists that examines specific treatment outcomes to deal with this new client population. Researchers have suggested using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) as the treatment of choice for Internet addiction, and addiction recovery in general has utilized CBT as part of treatment planning. To investigate the efficacy of using CBT with Internet addicts, this study investigated 114 clients who suffered from Internet addiction and received CBT at the Center for Online Addiction. This study employed a survey research design, and outcome variables such as client motivation, online time management, improved social relationships, improved sexual functioning, engagement in offline activities, and ability to abstain from problematic applications were evaluated on the 3rd, 8th, and 12th sessions and over a 6-month follow-up. Results suggested that Caucasian, middle-aged males with at least a 4-year degree were most likely to suffer from some form of Internet addiction. Preliminary analyses indicated that most clients were able to manage their presenting complaints by the eighth session, and symptom management was sustained upon a 6-month follow-up. As the field of Internet addiction continues to grow, such outcome data will be useful in treatment planning with evidenced-based protocols unique to this emergent client population. 相似文献
960.
J Fagot E A Wasserman M E Young 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2001,27(4):316-328
Two baboons (Papio papio) successfully learned relational matching-to-sample: They picked the choice display that involved the same relation among 16 pictures (same or different) as the sample display, although the sample display shared no pictures with the choice displays. The baboons generalized relational matching behavior to sample displays created from novel pictures. Further experiments varying the number of sample pictures and the mixture of same and different sample pictures suggested that entropy plays a key role in the baboons' conceptual behavior. Two humans (Homo sapiens) were similarly trained and tested; their behavior was both similar to and different from the baboons' behavior. The results suggest that animals other than humans and chimpanzees can discriminate the relation between relations. They further suggest that entropy detection may underlie same-different conceptualization, but that additional processes may participate in human conceptualization. 相似文献