Dimensions of belief about miraculous healing

Although social scientists have convincingly demonstrated relationships between religious beliefs/practices and mental health, almost none of the empirical findings or related theory apply specifically to Jews. To address this limitation, we investigated the role of Jewish religiousness in anxiety, depression, and happiness, in a large Jewish community sample (n = 565). Several facets of global Jewish religiousness were examined, as well as a theoretically based Jewish religious variable, trust in God. A self-report measure of trust in God was created, and factor analyses yielded two reliable and valid subscales: trust in God and mistrust in God. Contrary to our hypotheses, global Jewish religiousness was on the whole unrelated to mental-health functioning. As expected, higher levels of trust in God were associated with less anxiety and depression, and greater personal happiness, whereas inverse associations emerged for the unanticipated but robust mistrust subscale.     

The need of courage

A brave man leaveth not the battle, He who flieth from it is no true warrior, In the field of this body a great war is toward Against Passion, Hunger, Pride and Greed, It is for the Kingdom of Truth, of Contentment and of Purity that this battle is raging: And the sword that ringeth most loudly is the sword Of His name.

—KABIR, Hindu Poet

     

通过演绎方式得概称句推理的逻辑

基于[4]中的逻辑系统G,本文通过删减和增加公理及规则给出3个逻辑G0,GD和Gs,同时,我们通过对正常主项选择函数添加不同的条件给出与三个逻辑相应的不同的模型定义。其中,G0是GD和Gs的基础。这些逻辑的给出是为了刻画通过演绎方式得概称句的推理的局部推理。     

What mothers don't know and doctors don't say: Detecting early developmental delays

The present study examined the detection of early developmental delays of high‐risk infants by first‐time mothers in a community sample of families (N = 451). About half of the mothers were adolescents at time of childbirth, and two thirds reported household incomes below $20,000 annually. Children were assessed at 12 and 24 months of age on standardized measures of cognitive, language, adaptive, and socioemotional development. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL101‐476) guidelines, about 1 in 4 children was eligible for intervention services at 12 months, and about 1 in 3 children was eligible at 24 months. Despite receiving regular medical services, mothers reported that very few eligible children (2% at 12 months and 9% at 24 months) were identified by medical professionals as having any problems that could interfere with development. Much like medical professionals, few mothers were appropriately worried about development, and the likelihood of expressing concerns was related to mothers' knowledge about infant development. These findings highlight the need for medical providers to frequently screen high‐risk children and for parents to become more knowledgeable about infant development.     

Concurrent Validity of the Child Behavior Checklist DSM-Oriented Scales: Correspondence with DSM Diagnoses and Comparison to Syndrome Scales

This study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology and discriminative analyses to examine the correspondence of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales and empirically-derived syndrome scales with clinical diagnoses in a clinic-referred sample of children and adolescents (N = 476). Although results demonstrated that the CBCL Anxiety, Affective, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity, Oppositional and Conduct Problems DSM-oriented scales corresponded significantly with related clinical diagnoses derived from parent-based structured interviews, these DSM-oriented scales did not evidence significantly greater correspondence with clinical diagnoses than the syndrome scales in all cases but one. The DSM-oriented Anxiety Problems scale was the only scale that evidenced significantly greater correspondence with diagnoses above its syndrome scale counterpart —the Anxious/Depressed scale. The recently developed and rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales thus generally do not add incremental clinical utility above that already afforded by the syndrome scales with respect to corresponding with diagnoses. Implications of these findings are discussed.