关于CNV是复合波的直接证明

本工作以青年为被试者,包括三项实验:普通CNV,无运动CNV和半机率CNV。观察到:(1)修通CNV的晚成分和全波大于无运动CNV,其全波相减所得之差波即为CNV中的纯心源性意动成分,它应该认为是以复合波形式存在于CNV中的运动预备电位。(2)半机率CNV的早成分和全波大于普通CNV。(3)半机率CNV的早成分、晚成分和全波皆大于无运动CNV。这些结果证明,CNV中包含着运动预备电位,从而为CNV是复合波的新概念提供了新的直接的证据。     

错觉图空间原象的体视和解析识别

错觉图是具有特殊生理、心理效应的两维图,包括悖理型、坐标阙如型、过渡变形型和双关两可型等几类。有的是在两维平面上表达类似三维的不可能虚构体,造成与实际三维知觉经验的强烈矛盾;有的则具有多重涵义,并以心理操作或图形的动态为条件产生变幻,造成各种幻觉感。长期以来,在生理心理学和图学研究中,仅仅触及了一些错觉图的幻觉现象,极少研究其中的错觉机制。错觉图不但给现有的三维和多维几何理论造成混乱,而且也在工程图的表达和判读中造成一些错觉而导致事故。本文从体视理论和图学分析方面对错觉机制进行了定量和定性分析。提出了形体重影机制、变换组合机制、范围渐变机制和方位移动机制等几种致幻理论,并运用上述理论以国内外常见的错觉图为实例,对形成错觉的图学、几何学和心理生理学过程做了具体论证,从而揭示了错觉图的错觉机制。     

4—14岁儿童比例推理及认知结构的发展研究

本实验研究的主要目的是,探讨4——14岁儿童比例推理能力及内部认知结构发展的一般规律。结果:1.采用有序样本的聚类分析和因子分析,将其发展划分为七个阶段。2.发展的一般规律为:从单维、定性、加法推理到两维、定量、乘法操作;从比差运算上的整合,到整倍数乘法运算上的整合,最终达到在命题运算水平上对非整倍数函数关系操作上的整合;其发展的核心是,四个结构关系由低向高逐渐构建和整合,由此提出四结构关系建构理论。3.小学高年级和中学低年级儿童比例概念基本形成,与加拿大同龄儿童比较,有显著差异,表明国内比例概念的教学是有成效的。     

Samuel W. Blizzard's contribution to ministry studies and theological education

The contribution of Samuel W. Blizzard to ministry studies and to theological education is delineated and assessed. Blizzard's insightful analyses of the role of the minister were balanced by a genuine pastoral concern for those preparing for and engaging in ministry. His impact on ministry studies continues through the work of his students. The paper includes a complete bibliography of Blizzard's publications.The late Samuel W. Blizzard was Professor of Christianity and Society at Princeton Theological Seminary.     

论中医的科学精神和人文方法

近十几年来中医现代化研究成效不显,以及发生许许多多的争论和困惑的重要原因在于我们对中医的基本性质缺乏一种共识。说中医就是一门科学或者不是科学,是一门经验医学或者是哲学医都会使我们陷于一个难堪的困境。中医具有科学精神,但不具有西方意义上的科学方法,而是用具有中国特色的人文方法实现科学精神的经验知识体系。具有科学精神是一回事,怎样实现这种精神却是另一回事,前者是无国界的,后者却是可以文化多元的。     

Criteria used in the selection of students for school psychologist training programs

A questionnaire regarding criteria used in the selection of students for school psychologist There were 63 responses. Undergraduate scholastic index was the most frequently used criterion, followed by undergraduate psychology index, letters of recommendation, and GRE scores. The interview, used by half of those reporting, was not employed consistently. The MAT was used by less than half of the respondents, and ranked lower in importance. Most universities used four or five criteria for admission. No respondents required teaching experience.     

The treatment of socially oriented underachievers: A case study

Socially oriented underachievers are students who work for the rewards of social interaction rather than for those of academic achievement. A case report is presented which outlines the treatment of a socially oriented underachiever. The successful treatment employed behavior modification techniques and consisted, essentially, of rewarding the entire class for academic improvement shown by the underachiever.     

Responding to allegations of scientific misconduct

Institutions in France are not yet well prepared to respond to allegations of scientific misconduct. Following a serious allegation in late 1997. INSERM,* the primary organization for medical and health-related research in France, began to reflect on this subject, aided by scientists and jurists. The conclusions have resulted in establishing a procedure to be followed in cases of alleged misconduct, and also in reinforcing the application of good laboratory practices within each laboratory. Guidelines for authorship practices and scientific assessment must also be considered. Even though each institution must remain responsible for responding to allegations of scientific misconduct within its doors, INSERM would like to see national, European, and international co-ordination about the methods of such response. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (eng. French National Medical Research Institute) is known as INSERM. An earlier version of this paper was presented at a symposium, Scientific Misconduct: An International Perspective, organised by The Medical University of Warsaw, 16 November, 1998.