东北地区农村青年科技致富能手和其他青年农民人格特征的比较研究

本文采用卡特尔16PF问卷,对东北地区168名青年农民人格特征进行测量。结果除了解青年农民人格结构的一般特征外,重点探索了农村青年科技致富能、手和其他青年农民人格特征的差异:1.青年科技致富能手的聪慧性、敏感性、实验性、恃强性和有恒性等因素的得分明显高于其他青年农民。2.在次级人格因素类型上,相对而言,青年科技致富能手中适应型多些,其他青年农民中怯懦型则多些。3.青年科技致富能手和其他青年农民的心理健康状态均良好,前者中有一般成就者,创造力水平较高和适应新环境的能力较强的人数均多于后者。     

图形辨别的负荷实验研究

本实验用IBM PC/XT计算机对30名青年人和9名中年人进行图形辨别负荷实验。结果表明:(1)同时呈现的图形数量(任务困难度)、允许辨别的时间(时间忙碌程度)和年龄都是影响被试业绩的因素。(2)在需辨别的图形数较多且有辨别速度要求的任务中,不宜选用中年人。(3)通过实验求出青年人图形辨别经验公式Y=De~(B/X),D(N)=183.1441-2.3206N 0.0249N~2,B(N)=-2.0379-0.1427N 0.0008N~2。据此公式可求出在此情境下,对一定数量的图形(N),在一定时间限定内(X)的图形正确辨别率(Y)。     

职业化院长与专业化院长比较研究

专家型院长和职业化院长,谁入主中国的医院管理,一直是倍受关注的焦点议题,尽管职业化院长具有诸多优点,却难以占据医院管理的主要市场。分析二类院长的特点及专业化普遍存在的原因,并阐述国内外现状和趋势,探讨职业化推进的诸多障碍及原因,最后提出推行职业化的建议。     

Increasing Levels of Semantic Verbal Fluency in Elderly English Adults

ABSTRACT

Analyses incorporating large independent population-based samples and identical measures are needed to investigate recent trends in cognitive function. Nationally representative independent cohorts of community living individuals in England aged 65 years or older from the MRC Cognitive Function and Ageing Study in 1991 (n = 9458) and the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing in 2002 (n = 5196) were compared. East Cambridgeshire participants aged 65–69 years in 1991 (n = 680) were also compared to an independent cohort examined in 1996 (n = 600). Semantic verbal fluency, as measured by the animal naming neuropsychological test, increased by 1.1 extra words a minute in England between 1991 and 2002 (95% CI 0.9, 1.3). A similar increase was also observed in East Cambridgeshire. Levels of semantic verbal fluency appear to have increased in the older English population, which may help to buffer the aging population from future increases in dementia.