Comparative differences in the self-perceptions of disadvantaged and advantaged students

Previous research had indicated positive and significantly higher self-perceptions for disadvantaged children in comparison to advantaged children in grades four through eight. The intention of this research was to determine whether disadvantaged children maintain their more positive self-images when they enter the more integrated environment with advantaged children. It was discovered that both disadvantaged and advantaged high school students had significantly lower self-perception scores than did the elementary school pupils. The importance of the study is in the continued non-support of the hypothesis that disadvantaged children of all ages have negative self concepts—whether in segregated or integrated situations. However, the study further shows that high school students' self-images are not as high as those of younger children—whether they are disadvantaged or advantaged.     

明视条件下人眼对低频间断光的亮度感觉

本实验是以异色亮度匹配方法,探索视觉系统对在明视觉水平上的低频、不同时间调制的单色光和白光的亮度感觉特性。结果发现,闪光刺激在临界频率以上作用于视觉系统所产生的亮度感觉是遵循塔耳玻特-普拉托定律。而对在临界频率以下亮暗比为4/1的间断单色光刺激所需的周期平均亮度低于恒定单色光所需的亮度幅度,这表明塔耳玻特(Talbort)定律不适用于低频、高亮暗比的间断单色光。仅适用于间断单色光刺激的亮暗比低于1,波长为650纳米的间断单色光。     

初中一年级数学自学辅导教学协作实验研究结果——北京市五个实验班的初步总结

本文叙述了自学的必要性和研究自学的方法,概括论述怎样担任自学辅导教学实验班的老师。从四次定量材料中,五个实验班的学习成绩和自学能力成长几乎都优于对比班;从定性材料中,否定了自学会对概念和法则理解不深入以及解题的灵活性较差的说法,记忆的持久性也比对比班略好。这次实验还证明了基础较差的学生也能自学。     

国内九个地区3—7岁儿童数概念和运算能力发展的初步研究综合报告

这个报告中的初步研究工作在做法上甚有可取之处,在收获上也令人感觉到有广阔的前途。但诚如作者自己所说,这项初步研究工作还有不少不足之处,很有待继续努大加以充实和提高。我们希望有更多同志共同探索各种做法,研究有关问题。     

藏族、维吾尔族在表音、表意文字辨认上大脑两半球的功能特点

用半视野速示术对藏族、维吾尔族人(各60名),进行辨认表音、表意文字的研究。结果表明,无论是藏族还是维吾尔族被试,对汉字(表意文字)的辨认都是两半球均势的,而对藏/维文(表音文字)的辨认却出现两种不同的结果:对熟练掌握和使用汉语多年(五年以上)的藏族被试出现两半球均势,而学习汉语一年左右的藏族及维吾尔族被试以及学习汉语四年的维吾尔族被试却为左半球优势。这表明对表意文字汉字的辨认是两半球均势的,对表音文字藏/维文的辨认似乎受被试使用汉语的影响,会由左半球优势转变为两半球均势。     

Encounter with death: The thought of Robert Jay Lifton

Robert Jay Lifton begins his work in the psychosocial framework that he takes over from Erik Erikson. Lifton's thought is based upon a central paradigm—death and the continuity of life. Lifton makes important contributions with his five modes of symbolic immortality and with his investigation of the psychological themes in survivors. The origins and limits of Lifton's thought are critically examined.     

The funeral meal: A significant funerary ritual

Historically, a meal in association with funerary ritual has been a reality in many cultural and religious settings. Our society has experienced a gradual demise of formal funerary ritual, with an accompanying psychological and social impoverishment. Both the immediate bereaved and the larger social community can benefit from a funeral meal which functions as a group experience that focuses on the needs of the living. It can be a shared experience in a familiar structured setting which enables the living to do significant grief work. Practical implications and potential problems will need to be, taken into consideration.