Peer rejection and aggression and early starter models of conduct disorder

Peer rejection and aggression in the early school years were examined for their relevance to early starting conduct problems. The sample of 657 boys and girls from 4 geographical locations was followed from 1st through 4th grades. Peer rejection in 1st grade added incrementally to the prediction of early starting conduct problems in 3rd and 4th grades, over and above the effects of aggression. Peer rejection and aggression in 1st grade were also associated with the impulsive and emotionally reactive behaviors found in older samples. Being rejected by peers subsequent to 1st grade marginally added to the prediction of early starting conduct problems in 3rd and 4th grades, controlling for 1st~grade ADHD symptoms and aggression. Furthermore, peer rejection partially mediated the predictive relation between early ADHD symptoms and subsequent conduct problems. These results support the hypothesis that the experience of peer rejection in the early school years adds to the risk for early starting conduct problems.     

"爱情"与"友谊"概念表征的差异——基于字词联想的比较

运用字词联想法对大学生爱情和友谊概念表征的异同进行了初步探究.以"爱情"和"友谊"为靶词,让被试进行自由联想,之后对搜集到的11136个联想词进行内容分析,在前人研究的基础上最终编码为18个范畴.结果显示,爱情相对需要更多的理性与情感投入、经历更多的痛苦、肩负更多的责侄,容易联想到婚姻、家庭、命运缘分,而友谊较少牵扯.与爱情相比,友谊更易于转化为爱情,而经历过爱情的人很难再回归到友谊.这些结果与日常观念相符,为如何处理爱情和友谊的关系提供了实征指导.     

用生物心理社会医学模式指导疾病的诊治

惊恐障碍作为一种精神科疾病,由于伴有明显的躯体化症状,使大多患者首诊于综合医院非精神科,极易引起该病的误诊误治,同时也浪费了大量的卫生资源.针对这一情况,本期临床决策研究栏目中熊新英撰写的从惊恐障碍看生物心理社会医学模式的必要性和紧迫性,对于惊恐障碍就诊于综合医院误诊率高的原因及高误诊率导致的后果进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策.     

选择最佳证据加强多学科协作

循证医学给医学带来了一次变革,极大地促进了医学的发展,使医生在对患者的诊治过程中有证可循,大大提高了临床诊治的准确性,也使各种诊治方法趋于规范化.循证医学首先强调的是应用当前所能获得的最好的研究证据,那么什么是最好的研究证据?如何获得最好的研究证据?又如何通过运用循证医学使患者得到最佳的治疗效果呢?本期"临床决策研究"栏目中陈懿等撰写的文章"循证医学与实事求是"对此进行了深入的探讨和评论.     

Creating Nurturing Environments: A Science-Based Framework for Promoting Child Health and Development Within High-Poverty Neighborhoods

Living in poverty and living in areas of concentrated poverty pose multiple risks for child development and for overall health and wellbeing. Poverty is a major risk factor for several mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders, as well as for other developmental challenges and physical health problems. In this paper, the Promise Neighborhoods Research Consortium describes a science-based framework for the promotion of child health and development within distressed high-poverty neighborhoods. We lay out a model of child and adolescent developmental outcomes and integrate knowledge of potent and malleable influences to define a comprehensive intervention framework to bring about a significant increase in the proportion of young people in high-poverty neighborhoods who will develop successfully. Based on a synthesis of research from diverse fields, we designed the Creating Nurturing Environments framework to guide community-wide efforts to improve child outcomes and reduce health and educational inequalities.     

客观全面地认识和治疗疾病

本期临床决策研究栏目由杨宁等撰写的客观认识心脏介入治疗对目前心脏介入治疗进行了客观评价和反思,认为目前由于医疗卫生体制不完善,医疗机构过分追求经济效益等因素的影响,使心脏介入治疗技术出现了偏差,文章指出心脏介入治疗的应用,应该严格把握适应证,社会效益与经济效益相结合,在配备好的硬件设施的同时,更要重视软件的培养,作者强调应用心脏介入治疗技术治疗心脏疾病,必须将自然科学和社会科学结合起来,用最恰当、最合适的诊治方案为患者去除病痛.     

团结奋进铸辉煌 同心同德谱新篇——热烈庆祝中华人民共和国成立六十周年

2009年10月的神州大地,普天同庆,万众欢腾。10月1日天安门广场上盛大的阅兵仪式,壮观的群众游行,美轮美奂的国庆之夜,那些画面已经定格在人们的心中,催生出无限的激情。“在这个喜庆而又庄严的时刻,全国各族人民都为伟大祖国的发展进步感到无比自豪,都对实现中华民族伟大复兴的光明前景充满信心。”