循证医学发展对临床医学科研人员的启示

从临床医学科研工作的角度简要介绍了循证医学的发展情况,阐述了在循证医学发展对临床医学科研人员提出的新要求,即:具有良好的临床专业知识;具有良好的信息处理能力;具有良好的洞察力;具有终身教育观.并从选题范围的拓展、掌握资料的广泛、立项评价的健全、管理措施的更新等浅议了循证医学对临床医学科研人员的启示.     

医院门诊计算机就医流程中的人文思考

医院门诊就医流程是门诊服务和管理的基础,应用现代网络技术是将传统的就医模式转变为以人为本模式的重要技术手段.介绍了医院在"军字一号"上自行设计的,涵括门诊挂号排队系统、门诊预交金卡系统、门诊药房后台摆药系统、门诊检验条形码系统、门诊医学影像传输系统的"直通式"就医流程.就门诊新就医流程中医患互动、人-机-人对话和门诊病人知情权等可能出现的状况加以人文思考.     

Health-Related Decision-Making in HIV Disease

Individuals living with HIV show moderate decision-making deficits, though no prior studies have evaluated the ability to make optimal health-related decisions across the HIV healthcare continuum. Forty-three HIV+ individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND+), 50 HIV+ individuals without HAND (HAND?), and 42 HIV? participants were administered two measures of health-related decision-making as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery: (1) The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), and (2) The Modified UCSD Brief Assessment for Capacity to Consent (UBACC-T). Multiple regression analyses revealed that HAND was an independent predictor of both the DCS and the UBACC-T, such that the HAND+ sample evidenced significantly poorer scores relative to comparison groups. Within the HIV+ sample, poorer health-related decision-making was associated with worse performance on tests of episodic memory, risky decision-making, and health literacy. Findings indicate that individuals with HAND evidence moderate deficits in effectively comprehending and evaluating various health-related choices.     

疾病的认知及医疗的反思

近年来,医务人员为了降低医疗风险,加强自我保护,采取了越来越多的防御性医疗措施,进而导致了医患关系的进一步恶化,已经引起各方面的高度关注.本期"临床决策研究"栏目中,黄培撰写的"防御性医疗动因及干预策略"对防御性医疗的概念、特点、产生原因及干预策略进行了全面的论述.     

Face engagement during infancy predicts later face recognition ability in younger siblings of children with autism

Face recognition difficulties are frequently documented in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). It has been hypothesized that these difficulties result from a reduced interest in faces early in life, leading to decreased cortical specialization and atypical development of the neural circuitry for face processing. However, a recent study by our lab demonstrated that infants at increased familial risk for ASD, irrespective of their diagnostic status at 3 years, exhibit a clear orienting response to faces. The present study was conducted as a follow‐up on the same cohort to investigate how measures of early engagement with faces relate to face‐processing abilities later in life. We also investigated whether face recognition difficulties are specifically related to an ASD diagnosis, or whether they are present at a higher rate in all those at familial risk. At 3 years we found a reduced ability to recognize unfamiliar faces in the high‐risk group that was not specific to those children who received an ASD diagnosis, consistent with face recognition difficulties being an endophenotype of the disorder. Furthermore, we found that longer looking at faces at 7 months was associated with poorer performance on the face recognition task at 3 years in the high‐risk group. These findings suggest that longer looking at faces in infants at risk for ASD might reflect early face‐processing difficulties and predicts difficulties with recognizing faces later in life.