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161.
基于[4]中的逻辑系统G,本文通过删减和增加公理及规则给出3个逻辑G0,GD和Gs,同时,我们通过对正常主项选择函数添加不同的条件给出与三个逻辑相应的不同的模型定义。其中,G0是GD和Gs的基础。这些逻辑的给出是为了刻画通过演绎方式得概称句的推理的局部推理。 相似文献
162.
Thomas von Lengerke Barbara Kröning Karin Lange Lower Saxon Diabetes Outpatient Centres Study Group 《Psychology, health & medicine》2017,22(10):1137-1148
Hand hygiene in wound care by health care providers (HCPs) is a key principle in treating hospitalized patients with diabetic foot infections. This study aimed to estimate the extent to which patients with type-2-diabetes (T2D) intend to speak up for HCPs’ hand hygiene during inpatient foot treatment, test whether this motivation increases given the hospital would invite patients to speak up, and identify associations with socio-demographics, knowledge of hand hygiene requirements, and diabetes-related factors. A questionnaire-survey was conducted in eight diabetes outpatient centres in Lower Saxony/Germany. Intentions to speak up (without and with institutional encouragement) and knowledge about hand hygiene during foot-care were assessed. Analyses of variance were conducted, partly as repeated measures-models with intention-items as within-subject factor. N = 473 patients participated (response = 77.4%). N = 177 (41%) strongly intended to speak up. Institutional encouragement was associated with an increased rate of strong (54% vs. 41%; p < .001) and higher mean intention (M = 3.9 vs. 3.4 with vs. without encouragement [5-point-scales]; F(1, 434)?=?41.5, p < .001). In patients without diabetic foot syndrome, this effect was limited to those with at least medium school education (F(2, 292)?=?4.4, p = .013) and knowledge on HCPs’ hand hygiene (F(2, 294)?=?3.1, p = .047). In conclusion, a majority of T2D-patients in diabetes outpatient centres intend to speak for HCPs’ hand hygiene in inpatient foot treatment, and are receptive to institutional encouragement. However, this presupposes at least medium education and knowledge about hand hygiene, emphasizing that patient empowerment begins with knowledge. 相似文献
163.
Ramona Alfaro Arenas Jordi Rosell Andreo Damián Heine Suñer Group for the study of FXS in the Balearic Islands 《Journal of genetic counseling》2017,26(3):501-510
We report herein results of a study performed in the Balearic Islands which had the following goals: 1) Determine the proportion of pregnant or non-pregnant women planning pregnancy, who would choose to undergo a screening test for Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), if it is accompanied by the appropriate information; 2) Assess satisfaction and any increase in stress among women who participate in screening; 3) Collect epidemiological information about the incidence of the disease in our population; and 4) Collect demographic and health history data and assess participants’ awareness of the disease. Screening was performed on 3,731 pregnant and non-pregnant women of childbearing age and the results indicate: a very high voluntary rate of participation; a high level of self-reported satisfaction and low levels of stress because of the test; a very high incidence of premutation (1/106) in our population; and a low level of awareness about the existence of FXS (25 %). Additional findings indicate no significant correlation between self-reported health history and premutation detection, and the high premutation incidence does not seem to be specific to the indigenous Balearic population. Based on these results, we discuss the pros and cons of an implementation of preconception and pregnant women screening for FXS within a public health screening program. 相似文献
164.
Mitchell CM Croy C Spicer P Frankel K Emde RN;Science Ecology of Early Development 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(4):991-999
Children who begin kindergarten with stronger skills learn faster than do those who enter with lower skills. Minority children tend to enter kindergarten already at a disadvantage, and the gap widens across time. However, little is known about cognitive development among American Indian young children. In this study, 110 American Indian infants from one Northern Plains reservation community were assessed four times between ages 6 months and 36 months, with the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. At 6 months of age, scores were near the national norms; a drop occurred between 6 months and 15 months. Scores then tended to level off below the norms through 36 months. In each domain, we observed a crucial decline over the 1st year of life and relatively little change in the 2nd and 3rd years of life, highlighting the importance of developing culturally syntonic interventions to facilitate cognitive development during the 1st year of life. 相似文献
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167.
Ensuring Community Participation During Program Planning: Lessons Learned During the Development of a HIV/STI Program for Young Sexual and Gender Minorities 下载免费PDF全文
José A. Bauermeister Emily S. Pingel Triana Kazaleh Sirdenis Jack Andrzejewski Gage Gillard Gary W. Harper the Michigan Forward in Enhancing Research Community Equity Coalition 《American journal of community psychology》2017,60(1-2):215-228
HIV/STI incidence has shifted to a younger demographic, comprised disproportionately of gay and bisexual men, transgender women, and people of color. Recognizing the importance of community organizing and participatory engagement during the intervention planning process, we describe the steps taken to engage diverse constituents (e.g., youth and practitioners) during the development of a structural‐level HIV/STI prevention and care initiative for young sexual and gender minorities in Southeast Michigan. Our multi‐sector coalition (MFierce; Michigan Forward in Enhancing Research and Community Equity) utilized a series of community dialogues to identify, refine, and select programmatic strategies with the greatest potential. Evaluation data (N = 173) from the community dialogues highlighted constituents’ overall satisfaction with our elicitation process. Using a case study format, we describe our community dialogue approach, illustrate how these dialogues strengthened our program development, and provide recommendations that may be used in future community‐based program planning efforts. 相似文献
168.
Leann E. Smith Carol E. Akai Lorraine V. Klerman Bette R. Keltner The Centers for the Prevention of Child Neglect 《Infant mental health journal》2010,31(4):455-466
The present study examined the detection of early developmental delays of high‐risk infants by first‐time mothers in a community sample of families (N = 451). About half of the mothers were adolescents at time of childbirth, and two thirds reported household incomes below $20,000 annually. Children were assessed at 12 and 24 months of age on standardized measures of cognitive, language, adaptive, and socioemotional development. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL101‐476) guidelines, about 1 in 4 children was eligible for intervention services at 12 months, and about 1 in 3 children was eligible at 24 months. Despite receiving regular medical services, mothers reported that very few eligible children (2% at 12 months and 9% at 24 months) were identified by medical professionals as having any problems that could interfere with development. Much like medical professionals, few mothers were appropriately worried about development, and the likelihood of expressing concerns was related to mothers' knowledge about infant development. These findings highlight the need for medical providers to frequently screen high‐risk children and for parents to become more knowledgeable about infant development. 相似文献
169.
Chad Ebesutani Adam Bernstein Brad J. Nakamura Bruce F. Chorpita Charmaine K. Higa-McMillan John R. Weisz The Research Network on Youth Mental Health 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):373-384
This study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology and discriminative analyses to examine the correspondence
of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales and empirically-derived syndrome scales with clinical diagnoses in a clinic-referred sample of children and
adolescents (N = 476). Although results demonstrated that the CBCL Anxiety, Affective, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity, Oppositional and
Conduct Problems DSM-oriented scales corresponded significantly with related clinical diagnoses derived from parent-based structured interviews,
these DSM-oriented scales did not evidence significantly greater correspondence with clinical diagnoses than the syndrome scales in
all cases but one. The DSM-oriented Anxiety Problems scale was the only scale that evidenced significantly greater correspondence with diagnoses above
its syndrome scale counterpart —the Anxious/Depressed scale. The recently developed and rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales thus generally do not add incremental clinical utility above that already afforded by the syndrome scales
with respect to corresponding with diagnoses. Implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
170.
《医学与哲学》编辑部 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2010,31(6)
学科带头人的理念、意识、能力对于学科的发展及功能的实现起着关键的作用,关系到学科的未来发展.本期"临床决策研究"栏目中,孙文兵等撰写的"论当代临床学科带头人的领导素质"深入分析了学科带头人提升领导能力必需的十个转变,指出学科带头人在服务理念上,要由经营思维向职业思维转变,树立"救人为本,经营为道"的发展理念,一切以患者的最大利益为着眼点,为患者提供有效、安全、便捷的医疗服务. 相似文献