文化冲突与价值碰撞:安乐死问题根源探究——兼及反思国内安乐死问题之讨论

20世纪80年代国内学术界及公众对安乐死问题的关注与讨论日渐升温,但总体上对安乐死作为问题的理解和把握仍显不足。安乐死作为一种临终生命处置方式而被争论不止,其缘起于西方文化系统中内在的冲突与价值碰撞,集中表现在:宗教文化、医学职业文化和政治文化领域。这三种文化各自内在的价值冲突与不同文化之间的相互碰撞造就了安乐死问题。     

环氧化酶-2研究的历史回顾与启示

通过对COX-2研究的回顾,阐明了COX-2在炎症增生,及在肿瘤的发生发展中的作用,认识到了COX-2作为肿瘤的化学预防和治疗靶点的前景.并从哲学的观念阐明了在COX-2研究过程的体会和认识及展望,认为用联系的观念和辨证的观念进行科学研究,可以触类旁通,获得更加可靠的证据,更快地得出真实的结论.     

Apathy is associated with lower mental and physical quality of life in persons infected with HIV

HIV infection is associated with lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which is influenced by immunovirological factors, negative affect, neurocognitive impairment, and functional dependence. Although apathy is a common neuropsychiatric sequela of HIV infection, emerging findings regarding its unique role in lower HRQoL have been mixed. The present study was guided by Wilson and Cleary's (1995), model in examining the association between apathy and physical and mental HRQoL in 80 HIV+ individuals who completed a neuromedical examination, neuropsychological assessment, structured psychiatric interview, and a series of questionnaires including the SF-36. Apathy was measured using a composite of the apathy subscale of the Frontal Systems Behavioral Scale and the vigor-activation subscale of the Profile of Mood States. Independent of major depressive disorder, neurocognitive impairment, functional status, and current CD4 count, apathy was strongly associated with HRQoL. Specifically, apathy and CD4 count were significant predictors of physical HRQoL, whereas apathy and depression were the only predictors of mental HRQoL. All told, these findings suggest that apathy plays a unique role in HRQoL and support the importance of assessing and managing apathy in an effort to maximize health outcomes among individuals with HIV disease.     

The effects of HIV disease and older age on laboratory-based,naturalistic, and self-perceived symptoms of prospective memory: does retrieval cue type and delay interval matter?

There is a rising prevalence of older HIV+ adults who are at risk of deficits in higher order neurocognitive functions and associated problems in everyday functioning. The current study applied multiprocess theory to examine the effects of HIV and aging on measures of laboratory-based, naturalistic, and self-perceived symptoms of prospective memory (PM). Participants included 125 Younger (48 with HIV, age = 32 ± 4.6 years) and 189 Older (112 with HIV, age = 56 ± 4.9 years) adults. Controlling for global neurocognitive functioning, mood, and other demographics, older age and HIV had independent effects on long-delay time-based PM in the laboratory, whereas on a naturalistic PM task older HIV? adults performed better than older HIV+ adults and younger persons. In line with the naturalistic findings, older age, but not HIV, was associated with a relative sparing of self-perceived PM failures in daily life across longer delay self-cued intervals. Findings suggest that, even in relatively younger aging cohorts, the effects of HIV and older age on PM can vary across PM delay intervals by the strategic demands of the retrieval cue type, are expressed differently in the laboratory and in daily life, and are independent of other higher order neurocognitive functions (e.g., retrospective memory).