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31.
Tyron Goldschmidt 《Ratio》2021,34(1):5-6
Possibilities are so much easier to swallow. So transform those left‐over cosmological arguments into scrumptious new ontological arguments. 相似文献
32.
Ann F. Haynos Linsey M. Utzinger Jason M. Lavender Ross D. Crosby Li Cao Carol B. Peterson Scott J. Crow Stephen A. Wonderlich Scott G. Engel James E. Mitchell Daniel Le Grange Andrea B. Goldschmidt 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2018,40(4):691-700
Perfectionism is hypothesized to contribute to the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). However, there is little research regarding whether individuals with AN can be classified according to maladaptive (e.g., evaluative concerns) and adaptive (e.g., high personal standards) facets of perfectionism that predict distinct outcomes and might warrant different intervention approaches. In this study, a latent profile analysis was conducted using data from adults with AN (n?=?118). Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Frost et al. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449–46, 1990) subscales were used to identify subgroups differing according to endorsed perfectionism features (e.g., adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism). Generalized linear models were used to compare subgroups on eating disorder and affective symptoms measured through questionnaire and ecological momentary assessment. Four subgroups were identified: (a) Low Perfectionism; (b) High Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism; (c) Moderate Maladaptive Perfectionism; and (d) High Maladaptive Perfectionism. Subgroups differed on overall eating disorder symptoms (p?<?.001), purging (p?=?.005), restrictive eating (p?<?.001), and body checking (p?<?.001) frequency, depressive (p?<?.001) and anxiety (p?<?.001) symptoms, and negative (p?=?.001) and positive (p?<?.001) affect. The Low Perfectionism group displayed the most adaptive scores and the Moderate and High Maladaptive Perfectionism groups demonstrated the most elevated clinical symptoms. The High Adaptive and Maladaptive Perfectionism group demonstrated low affective disturbances, but elevated eating disorder symptoms. Results support the clinical significance of subtyping according to perfectionism dimensions in AN. Research is needed to determine if perfectionism subtyping can enhance individualized treatment targeting in AN. 相似文献
33.
A visual search experiment employed strings of Landolt Cs to examine how the gap size of and frequency of exposure to distractor strings affected eye movements. Increases in gap size were associated with shorter first-fixation durations, gaze durations, and total times, as well as fewer fixations. Importantly, both the number and duration of fixations decreased with repeated exposures. The findings provide evidence for the role of cognition in guiding eye-movements, and a potential explanation for word-frequency effects observed in reading. 相似文献
34.
Tessa V. West Madeline E. Heilman Lindy Gullett Corinne A. Moss-Racusin Joe C. Magee 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2012,48(5):1209-1212
The present research examined how a group's gender composition influences intragroup evaluations. Group members evaluated fellow group members and the group as a whole following a shared task. As predicted, no performance differences were found as a function of gender composition, but judgments of individuals’ task contributions, the group's effectiveness, and desire to work with one's group again measured at a 10-week follow-up were increasingly negative as the proportion of women in the group increased. Negative judgments were consistently directed at male and female group members as indicated by no gender of target effects, demonstrating that men, simply by working alongside women, can be detrimentally affected by negative stereotypes about women. Implications for gender diversity in the workplace are discussed. 相似文献
35.
Carrie S. W. Borrero G. Joseph Schlereth Emily K. Rubio Tessa Taylor 《Behavioral Interventions》2013,28(4):261-280
Physical guidance procedures can be effective in the treatment of severe pediatric food refusal. Researchers evaluating the use of physical guidance procedures often include a procedure referred to as a jaw prompt, but other variations of physical guidance may also be effective. An additional form of physical guidance, the finger prompt, might increase food acceptance. We evaluated nonremoval of the spoon and physical guidance (jaw prompt or finger prompt) in a reversal design. Results showed treatment packages including both procedures were effective in increasing food acceptance and decreasing inappropriate mealtime behavior. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
36.
Melissa L. Gonzalez Tessa Taylor Carrie S. W. Borrero Emily Sangkavasi 《Behavioral Interventions》2013,28(2):143-157
An individualized levels system was implemented to increase independent eating in two children with food refusal. Participants earned access to different status levels associated with varying availability of preferred items/activities outside of meals according to criteria based on low levels of prompting throughout the meal. A reversal design was implemented to evaluate the effects of the intervention on independent mealtime behavior. Results demonstrated that the levels system was effective in increasing independent eating and in decreasing prompted bites for both participants. Although the effectiveness of an individualized levels system has been previously demonstrated in the treatment of severe problem behavior, it has not been empirically evaluated in the context of increasing appropriate behavior or with children with food refusal. These findings provide support for such a treatment to promote mealtime independence during an intensive feeding program and at two months follow‐up. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
37.
Earlier research on visual occlusion showed some flexibility in the formation of visual completions, as long as the structural aspects (e.g., symmetry) of the visible part of the partly occluded shape were preserved in the completion (de Wit & van Lier, ). In this study, we examined whether changing the overall size of the occluded shape would preserve the overall structure. In Experiment 1, using the primed‐matching paradigm, we found evidence for relative size invariance in the completion process. To investigate whether changes in the structural aspects of shape are generally more salient than those of size, we employed the same stimuli in visual search and change detection paradigms. Experiment 2 demonstrated effects of completion in both paradigms. Experiment 3 showed that the metrical aspects of the shapes used in Experiment 1 are nevertheless detected faster than the structural aspects under search conditions. Because the variation in structural aspects is not more salient than in metrical aspects, we conclude that for these shapes, visual completion is indeed size‐invariant. The relations between performances in the three paradigms are discussed. 相似文献
38.
The good, the bad, and the unknown: Two books on genius MURRAY, P. (Ed.). (1989). Genius: The History of an Idea. Oxford, England: Basil Blackwell (242 pp.). ISBN 0–631–15785–9. OCHSE, R. (1990). Before the Gates of Excellence. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press (ix+300 pp.). ISBN 0–521–37557–6. Creativity and metaphor HAUSMAN, CARL R. (1989). Metaphor and Art: Interactionism and Reference in the Verbal and Nonverbal Arts. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press (238pp.). ISBN 0 521363853. Manic‐depression and creativity HERSHMAN, D. JABLOW, and LIEB, JULIAN. (1988). The Key to Genius: Manic‐Depression and the Creative Life. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books (220 pp.). ISBN 0–87975–437–0. Farewell to “form follows function”; FINKE, RONALD A. (1990). Creative Imagery: Discoveries and Inventions in Visualization. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum (188 pp.). ISBN 0–8058–8058–0772–1. 相似文献
39.
Tessa V. West 《European Review of Social Psychology》2013,24(1):364-401
This review provides a framework for theorising about the processes that give rise to interpersonal perception during encounters between two individuals who belong to different groups. Consistent with a dyadic approach, interpersonal perception is considered a function of the unique and combined effects of the perceptions and behaviours of both partners involved in the interaction. A model is presented in which negative expectancies give rise to feelings of anxiety and behavioural displays of anxiety, both of which in turn influence interpersonal judgements. Factors that vary at the level of the perceiver, target, and the interaction are examined as moderators of interpersonal perception. Lastly, given that the study of interpersonal perception within cross-group dyadic encounters is relatively new, several strategies that show promise for improving interpersonal perception are discussed. Turning towards the future this article concludes by discussing how research and theory outside the domain of intergroup relations can be used to develop innovative methods for improving perception processes. 相似文献
40.
In 2008, ANES included for the first time—along with standard explicit measures of old‐fashioned and symbolic racism—the Affect Misattribution Procedure (AMP), a relatively new implicit measure of racial attitudes. This article examines the extent to which four different measures of racial prejudice (three explicit and one implicit) predict public opinion during and after the 2008 election, including Americans' views towards several racial policy issues, their evaluations of, and feelings toward, Barack Obama, and their attitudes toward a Black president in general. Oversamples of African American and Latino respondents in the 2008 ANES enable us to broaden our tests of these measures beyond traditional White samples. We find that racial prejudice played an important role for all racial/ethnic groups but that the traditional explicit measures of racism are by far the stronger predictors for all of our dependent variables (compared to the new implicit measure) for both White and Black respondents. Surprisingly, the AMP adds clear explanatory power only to models in the Latino sample. 相似文献