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71.
A software package, MICROPLOT, was developed to run on a TRS-80 Model I microcomputer in conjunction with the Hewlett-Packard (HP) 7226 or similiar HP plotter. Capabilities include XY plotting of up to 10 data sets and curve plotting of an nth-degree polynomial. The package operates under the NEWDOS 80 Version 2.0 disk operating system but, with appropriate modification, can be run under any operating system that has dynamic program line merge and delete functions in BASIC. This report describes the structure of the system, hardware configuration, plotting capabilities, and applications in the behavioral laboratory. 相似文献
72.
Responding in the squirrel monkey under second-order schedules of shock delivery 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
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Byrd LD 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1972,18(1):155-167
Lever-pressing responses were maintained in the squirrel monkey when the only consequence of responding was the delivery of a response-produced electric shock, or alternatively, a brief visual stimulus that was occasionally followed by an electric shock. When shock was produced by the first response occurring after 8 min (8-min fixed-interval schedule), a period of no responding at the beginning of the interval was followed by a gradual increase in response rate during the interval. Similar rates and patterns of responding were maintained when a 1-sec visual stimulus was produced by the first response occurring after 8 min and shock delivery followed the brief stimulus. Subsequently, patterns of positively accelerated responding were engendered during individual fixed-interval components when the first response occurring after 4 min produced a 1-sec visual stimulus and shock delivery followed the second, and later the fourth, presentation of the 1-sec stimulus. When the duration of the brief stimulus was varied over a 100-fold range from 0.1 to 10.0 sec (1) mean response rates decreased monotonically as stimulus duration increased, and (2) patterns of positively accelerated responding were least variable and response rates during the initial part of each 4-min interval were lowest at a stimulus duration of 1 sec. 相似文献
73.
There is currently controversy regarding whether sexual reorientation or conversion therapies are ethical and effective forms of treatment for dissatisfied homosexually oriented people. We present the results of a survey of 206 psychotherapists who practice sexual conversion therapy. 187 therapists said they believed homosexuality is a developmental disorder and that the 1973 decision by the American Psychiatric Association to "depathologize" homosexuality was politically motivated and unscientific. The therapists believe that the majority of dissatisfied homosexually oriented clients who seek conversion therapy benefit from it, experiencing both changes in their sexual orientation and improved psychological functioning. We conclude that therapists who persist in providing reorientation therapy do so because they believe it is an effective and ethical treatment option for their clients. 相似文献
74.
Tess Dewhurst 《South African Journal of Philosophy》2016,35(3):317-324
Jason Baehr has argued that the intuition that knowledge is more valuable than mere true belief is neither sufficiently general nor sufficiently formal to motivate the value problem in epistemology. What he calls the “guiding intuition” is not completely general: our intuition does not reveal that knowledge is always more valuable than true belief; and not strictly formal: the intuition is not merely the abstract claim that knowledge is more valuable than true belief. If he is right, the value problem (as we know it) is not a real problem. I will argue in this paper that he is wrong about the generality claim: knowledge is always more valuable than true belief; and yet he is right about the formality claim—there is more to the intuition than just the abstract claim that knowledge is more valuable than true belief. What this amounts to, I will argue, is that there is still a value problem but that the guiding intuition can tell us how to solve it. 相似文献
75.
Kelly G. Wilson Steven C. Hayes Michelle R. Byrd 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2000,18(4):209-234
Behavioral science research has appeared to conflict with the 12-step treatment approach, which is the prevalent practice in the treatment of addictions in the United States. Compatibilities between 12-step and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, a contextual behavioral treatment, are explored with the aim of reducing this friction and better serving consumers. 相似文献
76.
Jeremy Allen Byrd 《Synthese》2007,157(1):47-58
In his Reasons and Persons, Derek Parfit argues from the possibility of cases of fission and/or fusion of persons that one must reject identity as what
matters for personal survival. Instead Parfit concludes that what matters is “psychological connectedness and/or continuity
with the right kind of cause,” or what he calls an R-relation. In this paper, I argue that, if one accepts Parfit’s conclusion,
one must accept that R-relations are what matter for moral responsibility as well. Unfortunately, it seems that accepting
that the R-relation is what matters for both survival and moral responsibility leads to a contradiction. My goal, however,
is not merely to point out a problem in Parfit’s account. Instead, I believe that once we understand the basic intuitions
which lead to this contradiction, it is clear that there is no fully satisfactory way to account for what matters with respect
to survival and moral responsibility. 相似文献
77.
Tess Gregory Ted Nettelbeck Carlene Wilson 《Personality and individual differences》2009,47(8):999-1002
We tested whether level and/or changes in inspection time (IT) in an elderly sample (70–85 years at baseline) predicted future independence in everyday functioning, independent from chronological age. Sixty-eight participants were initially assessed on IT and cognitive abilities in 2003, reassessed on IT in 2005, and then completed the Everyday Problems Test, a test of independence in everyday living, in 2008. Controlling for age, lower fluid reasoning at baseline (Raven’s-subset) and slowing IT over 18 months independently predicted poorer everyday functioning in 2008, together accounting for one-third variance. This supports the proposition that IT has utility as a biomarker for less favourable ageing. 相似文献
78.
79.
Presented is a summary of 882 homosexual people's responses to 5 open-ended questions about sexual reorientation therapy. Of the 882 participants, 726 reported that they had received reorientation therapy from a professional therapist or a pastoral counselor. As a group, 779 (89.7%) of the participants viewed themselves as "more homosexual than heterosexual," "almost exclusively homosexual," or "exclusively homosexual" in their orientation before receiving reorientation therapy or making self-help efforts to change. The majority reported they believed sexual reorientation therapy and various forms of self-help were helpful to them, psychologically, spiritually, and sexually. 相似文献
80.
Kristin A. Phelps Raymond G. Miltenberger Tess Jens Heather Wadeson 《Behavioral Interventions》2008,23(3):181-200
The present study investigated the effects of weekly dog visits on depression scores, mood, and social interaction in elderly individuals living in a nursing home. Five elderly residents participated in baseline assessments for 4–8 weeks and then received weekly dog visits for 6 weeks. Assessments, consisting of weekly observations of social interaction and paper and pencil measures of mood and depression, continued during the dog visits. The effect of dog visits was evaluated in a multiple baseline across participants design. Dog visits did not improve depression scores, mood (with the exception of one resident), or social interaction (with the exception of one resident). Residents did interact with the dog during the visits, however, and reported that they enjoyed the visits. These results show that dog visits do not always have therapeutic effects and suggest the need for further research in the area before the beneficial effects of dog visits can be substantiated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献