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741.
742.
Terry E. Duncan Susan C. Duncan 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2004,26(4):271-278
This paper presents a latent variable approach for the estimation of treatment effects within a pooled interrupted time series (ITS) design. Although considered quasi-experimental, the ITS design has been noted as representing one of the strongest alternatives to the randomized experiment, making it highly appropriate for use in documenting the presence of effects that might warrant further evaluation in a large-scale randomized study. Results suggest that the latent variable growth modeling (LGM) is capable of detecting simultaneous differences in both level and slope, and provides tests of significance for these two necessary indicators of an ITS intervention effect. As shown in the analyses, the LGM framework provides a comprehensive and flexible approach to research design and data analysis, making available to a wide audience of researchers an analytical framework for a variety of analyses of growth and developmental processes. 相似文献
743.
Physicians, nurses, and other clinicians readily acknowledge being troubled by encounters with patients who trigger moral
judgments. For decades social scientists have noted that moral judgment of patients is pervasive, occurring not only in egregious
and criminal cases but also in everyday situations in which appraisals of patients' social worth and culpability are routine.
There is scant literature, however, on the actual prevalence and dynamics of moral judgment in healthcare. The indirect evidence
available suggests that moral appraisals function via a complex calculus that reflects variation in patient characteristics,
clinician characteristics, task, and organizational factors. The full impact of moral judgment on healthcare relationships,
patient outcomes, and clinicians' own well-being is yet unknown. The paucity of attention to moral judgment, despite its significance
for patient-centered care, communication, empathy, professionalism, healthcare education, stereotyping, and outcome disparities,
represents a blind spot that merits explanation and repair. New methodologies in social psychology and neuroscience have yielded
models for how moral judgment operates in healthcare and how research in this area should proceed. Clinicians, educators,
and researchers would do well to recognize both the legitimate and illegitimate moral appraisals that are apt to occur in
healthcare settings. 相似文献
744.
745.
Over the past several decades, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the basic stages and mechanisms
of mammalian brain development. Studies elucidating the neurobiology of brain development span the levels of neural organization
from the macroanatomic, to the cellular, to the molecular. Together this large body of work provides a picture of brain development
as the product of a complex series of dynamic and adaptive processes operating within a highly constrained, genetically organized
but constantly changing context. The view of brain development that has emerged from the developmental neurobiology literature
presents both challenges and opportunities to psychologists seeking to understand the fundamental processes that underlie
social and cognitive development, and the neural systems that mediate them. This chapter is intended to provide an overview
of some very basic principles of brain development, drawn from contemporary developmental neurobiology, that may be of use
to investigators from a wide range of disciplines. 相似文献
746.
Terry Bowles 《Australian journal of psychology》2010,62(4):216-226
The Adaptive Change Model (ACM) was developed as an alternative form of the Transtheoretical Model of Change to address some of the criticisms of early operationalisation. Both models provide a framework for measuring the potentialities of change and to facilitate targeted behaviour change in general and clinical settings. In this research, the eight factors of the Adaptive Change Questionnaire (ACQ) operationalising the ACM were validated using confirmatory factor analysis, involving 238 respondents. The findings indicated a good fit between the model and data. A comparison of the mean scores of the factors of the ACM showed respondents seeking clinical therapy (n = 85) were lower on self‐rating of factors related to adaptive change than a group receiving career counselling (n = 88) and a non‐therapy group (n = 65). The ACQ factors correctly predicted the allocation of 79.3% of the clinical and non‐therapy respondents which confirmed previous research. The relevance of the findings for therapeutic interventions and future research are discussed. 相似文献
747.
Lindsey Engle Richland Tsz-Kit Chan Robert G. Morrison Terry Kit-Fong Au 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2010,105(1-2):146-153
A cross-cultural comparison between U.S. and Hong Kong preschoolers examined factors responsible for young children’s analogical reasoning errors. On a scene analogy task, both groups had adequate prerequisite knowledge of the key relations, were the same age, and showed similar baseline performance, yet Chinese children outperformed U.S. children on more relationally complex problems. Children from both groups were highly susceptible to choosing a perceptual or semantic distractor during reasoning when one was present. Taken together, these similarities and differences suggest that (a) cultural differences can facilitate better knowledge representations by allowing more efficient processing of relationally complex problems and (b) inhibitory control is an important factor in explaining the development of children’s analogical reasoning. 相似文献
748.
Environmental attitude and ecological behavior were investigated in relation to the use of nature for psychological restoration. Specifically, with survey data from 468 German university students, the role of environmental attitude was investigated as a mediator of the restoration-behavior relationship. Assuming that positive experiences in nature can have a broad influence on environmental attitudes, the New Ecological Paradigm (NEP) scale, an attitudinal measure with broad scope, was adopted. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated partial mediation by environmental concern. The study helps to consolidate the restoration theme in the growing literature on positive motivations for ecological behavior. 相似文献
749.
Terry Horgan 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2010,48(1):67-94
The philosophical account of vagueness I call “transvaluationism” makes three fundamental claims. First, vagueness is logically incoherent in a certain way: it essentially involves mutually unsatisfiable requirements that govern vague language, vague thought‐content, and putative vague objects and properties. Second, vagueness in language and thought (i.e., semantic vagueness) is a genuine phenomenon despite possessing this form of incoherence—and is viable, legitimate, and indeed indispensable. Third, vagueness as a feature of objects, properties, or relations (i.e., ontological vagueness) is impossible, because of the mutually unsatisfiable conditions that such putative items would have to meet. In this paper I set forth the core claims of transvaluationism in a way that acknowledges and explicitly addresses a challenging critique by Timothy Williamson of my prior attempts to articulate and defend this approach to vagueness. I sketch my favored approach to truth and ontological commitment, and I explain how it accommodates the impossibility of ontological vagueness. I argue that any approach to the logic and semantics of vagueness that both (i) eschews epistemicism and (ii) thoroughly avoids positing any arbitrary sharp boundaries (either first‐order or higher‐order) will have to be not an alternative to transvaluationism but an implementation of it. I sketch my reasons for repudiating epistemicism. I briefly describe my current thinking about how to accommodate intentional mental properties with vague content within an ontology that eschews ontological vagueness. And I revisit the idea, which played a key role in my earlier articulations of transvaluationism, that moral conflicts provide an illuminating model for understanding vagueness. 相似文献
750.