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721.
Cortney Wolfe-Christensen Larry L. Mullins Terry A. Stinnett Melissa Y. Carpentier David A. Fedele 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(4):322-330
This study examined the use of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children—2nd Edition: Parent Report Scale (BASC-2; Reynolds
& Kamphaus, Behavior assessment system for children, 2004) in a pediatric cancer population. Comparisons of scale scores were
made between pediatric cancer participants and controls. Within group comparisons were also made between subtypes of pediatric
cancer. Parents of 111 children and adolescents who had experienced pediatric cancer completed the BASC-2 as part of larger
studies of parent-child adjustment to cancer. Scores on the BASC-2 for cancer survivors were compared to a matched control
group. Results from MANOVA analyses revealed that children with cancer were categorized as evidencing more emotional and cognitive
complaints compared to the control children. Notably, no significant within group differences emerged on the subscales with
regard to cancer subtype. Although preliminary, these results suggest that the BASC-2 can identify the cognitive and emotional
differences between cancer survivors and controls. 相似文献
722.
Terry Murray 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(2):108-128
This article explores graduate students’ experiences of a self-knowledge development course that is framed by the Heroic Journey
model. Through a consideration of several theorists’ perspectives and through the voices of 13 study participants, this article
examines the nature of this self-study experience and its impact on participants’ lives. In light of feminist critiques of
the traditional Heroic Journey model, the author pays particular attention to the experiences of women in this course. The
author identifies three major findings: First, when the Heroic journey model is understood as a process and not just a theoretical
construct, it gains significant power as an inclusive tool for fostering self-knowledge development. Second, self-knowledge
development is not solely an individual endeavor. Self-knowledge is socially constructed through interaction with others.
Third, self-knowledge development has critical spiritual dimensions, and this deeper level of knowing can lead to significant,
long-lasting growth and change.
相似文献
Terry MurrayEmail: |
723.
The extensive research on date rape attitudes and experiences has left sexual consent itself largely unexamined. The objective
of this study was to develop a measure to assess women’s and men’s attitudes and behaviors regarding sexual consent. Using
both focus groups (N = 18) and a mail survey (N = 514) of undergraduate students at a Canadian university, two scales of sexual consent were developed: (1) a Sexual Consent
Attitudes Scale, and (2) a Sexual Consent Behaviors Scale. Preliminary psychometric evidence suggested good reliability and
validity. As hypothesized, women, more than men, preferred a more cautious approach to sexual consent by stressing the need
to obtain consent more explicitly. Multiple regression analyses supported a reciprocal relationship between sexual consent
attitudes and sexual consent behaviors. 相似文献
724.
Bashaw MJ Bloomsmith MA Maple TL Bercovitch FB 《Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983)》2007,121(1):46-53
Giraffe herds have been characterized as random associations of individuals, but recent evidence suggests giraffe have a more complex social structure. The authors formulated 3 hypotheses designed to evaluate whether a herd of captive giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) associated randomly or patterned their behavior and proximity in a manner indicative of social relationships. Affiliative interaction, proximity, and nearest neighbors for 6 captive female giraffe living in a large outdoor enclosure were analyzed, and all three measures were nonrandomly distributed, indicating female giraffe had social preferences. Furthermore, preferences were consistent across measures and time, suggesting that adult female giraffe maintain relationships. Mother-daughter pairs and pairs with large age differences between members interacted and associated most often. The social structure of this captive herd is influenced by social relationships between individual adult females, and the social behavior of individual females should be examined more closely in the wild. 相似文献
725.
We investigate a possible universal constraint on spatial meaning. It has been proposed that people attend preferentially to the endpoints of spatial motion events, and that languages may therefore make finer semantic distinctions at event endpoints than at event beginnings. We test this proposal. In Experiment 1, we show that people discriminate the endpoints of spatial motion events more readily than they do event beginnings-suggesting a non-linguistic attentional bias toward endpoints. In Experiment 2, speakers of Arabic, Chinese, and English each described a set of spatial events displayed in video clips. Although the spatial systems of these languages differ, speakers of all three languages made finer semantic distinctions at event endpoints, compared to event beginnings. These findings are consistent with the proposal that event endpoints are privileged over event beginnings, in both language and perception. 相似文献
726.
Syllable onsets are defined as the initial consonant or consonant cluster in a syllable (e.g., BR in BREAD). In the present study, using a letter detection paradigm and French words, we tested whether syllable onsets are processed as units by the reading system. In Experiment 1, we replicated Gross, Treiman, and Inman's (2000) result of observing no difference between the detection latencies of letters embedded in a multi-letter syllable onset (e.g., c in ECLATER) relative to a single-letter syllable onset (e.g., C in ECARTER). In Experiment 2, participants took longer to detect the target letter when it was in the second position of a multi-letter onset (e.g., L in TABLIER) than when it was a single-letter onset (e.g., L in ECOLIER). In Experiment 3, this position effect was replicated for graphemes. In Experiment 4, we tested and ruled out an alternative explanation of the unitization effect, in terms of lateral masking. These results indicate that syllable onsets are processed as perceptual units by the reading system and that the unitization effect is position dependent. 相似文献
727.
Elhai JD Butcher JJ Reeves AN Baugher SN Gray MJ Jacobs GA Fricker-Elhai AE North TC Arbisi P 《Journal of personality assessment》2007,88(3):328-337
In this article, we combine two analogue experiments in which we empirically examined three malingering methodological issues in individuals trained and instructed to simulate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) on the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI; Briere, 1995). In Experiment 1, we examined TSI scale effects of the following manipulations using a 2 x 2 design with 330 college students: (a) inclusion or exclusion of cautionary instructions regarding believability of participants' simulation and (b) different financial incentive levels. In Experiment 2, we examined comorbid psychiatric diagnostic training with 180 college students who were either trained to simulate PTSD and comorbid major depressive disorder or trained to simulate only PTSD. Caution main effects were significant for all but two TSI Clinical Scales, incentive main effects and interactions were only significant for one Clinical scale each, and the comorbidity manipulation did not yield any scale differences. We discuss malingering research design implications regarding the use of cautionary instructions, financial incentive levels, and comorbid training. 相似文献
728.
Morphological Rationalism and the Psychology of Moral Judgment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
According to rationalism regarding the psychology of moral judgment, people’s moral judgments are generally the result of
a process of reasoning that relies on moral principles or rules. By contrast, intuitionist models of moral judgment hold that
people generally come to have moral judgments about particular cases on the basis of gut-level, emotion-driven intuition,
and do so without reliance on reasoning and hence without reliance on moral principles. In recent years the intuitionist model
has been forcefully defended by Jonathan Haidt. One important implication of Haidt’s model is that in giving reasons for their
moral judgments people tend to confabulate – the reasons they give in attempting to explain their moral judgments are not
really operative in producing those judgments. Moral reason-giving on Haidt’s view is generally a matter of post hoc confabulation.
Against Haidt, we argue for a version of rationalism that we call ‘morphological rationalism.’ We label our version ‘morphological’
because according to it, the information contained in moral principles is embodied in the standing structure of a typical
individual’s cognitive system, and this morphologically embodied information plays a causal role in the generation of particular
moral judgments. The manner in which the principles play this role is via ‘proceduralization’ – such principles operate automatically.
In contrast to Haidt’s intuitionism, then, our view does not imply that people’s moral reason-giving practices are matters
of confabulation. In defense of our view, we appeal to what we call the ‘nonjarring’ character of the phenomenology of making
moral judgments and of giving reasons for those judgments.
相似文献
Mark TimmonsEmail: |
729.
Linda Ogilvie Barbara Leung Terry Gushuliak Marion McGuire Elizabeth Burgess-Pinto 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2007,8(2):223-241
While the regulation of nursing practice through licensure ensures that nurses meet minimum standards for safe competent and ethical care, it also inhibits integration of immigrant internationally educated nurses (IENs) into the Canadian professional labour market. With projections of significant nurse workforce shortages by 2010, there is impetus to enhance the numbers of licensed professional nurses through multiple strategies. The licensure processes and accompanying tensions in the Canadian context are described. As professional nurse licensure in Canada is a provincial responsibility, the situation in the Province of Alberta is used as an example. Suggestions for policy development and research include needs for better data and for gender-based analysis to address barriers to IEN licensure. The ability to practice in one’s chosen profession can be a major factor in integration of immigrants into Canadian society and thus a powerful factor in attraction and retention of highly skilled immigrants. 相似文献
730.
The purpose of the present investigation was to replicate and extend the International Affective Picture System norms (Ito,
Cacioppo, & Lang, 1998; Lang, Bradley, & Cuthbert, 1999). These norms were developed to provide researchers with photographic
slides that varied in emotional evocation, especially arousal and valence. In addition to collecting rating data on the dimensions
of arousal and valence, we collected data on the dimensions of consequentiality, meaningfulness, familiarity, distinctiveness,
and memorability. Furthermore, we collected ratings on the primary emotions of happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, disgust,
and fear. A total of 1,302 participants were tested in small groups. The participants in each group rated a subset of 18 slides
on 14 dimensions. Ratings were obtained on 703 slides. The means and standard deviations for all of the ratings are provided.
We found our valence ratings to be similar to the previous norms. In contrast, our participants were more likely to rate the
slides as less arousing than in the previous norms. The mean ratings on the remaining 12 dimensions were all below the midpoint
of the 9-point Likert scale. However, sufficient variability in ratings across the slides indicates that selecting slides
on the basis of these variables is feasible. Overall, the present ratings should allow investigators to use these norms for
research purposes, especially in research dealing with the interrelationships among emotion and cognition. The means and standard
deviations for emotions may be downloaded as an Excel spreadsheet from www.psychonomic.org/archive. 相似文献