Counselor conditions for self-exploration of college students

This study was designed to determine whether the counselor-offered conditions of empathy, respect, and genuineness promoted self-exploration in clients reporting voluntarily to a university counseling center. Twenty-seven male and 27 female undergraduates comprised the sample of clients; nine male doctoral student interns comprised the counselors. Clients were assigned to an educational, vocational, or personal-social problem category. The instruments used were the Truax Depth of Self-Exploration Scale and the Carkhuff scales of counselor conditions. Significant relationships were found between empathy, respect, and genuineness, and self-exploration in each problem category for counseling center clients of both sexes.     

Comparison of Life Styles of Honors,Non-Honors Women

This study compares the after-college life styles of participants in a college honors program with a control group of women who were not college honors students in order to determine the effects of a college honors program on life roles after college. The 81 participants of this study represent 93 percent of women who participated as college freshmen and during their ensuing college years in a study to determine the effects of an honors program on students while still in college. The results of the current study—the first contact with the women since they left college—illustrates the differences between the present life roles of these two groups of women in the areas of family involvement, careers, education, and community participation. The results show significant differences between honors and non-honors subjects in career-orientation and in commitment to their field of study and to the university at which they studied.     

The Development of an SVIB Interest Scale for School Counselors

A professional school counselor key was developed on the Strong Vocational Interest Blank using Campbell's revised procedures. Of the 403 counselors initially contacted, 340 responded. Of this number, 203 were identified as professional counselors and were included in the professional school counselor scale. Each of these individuals was fully certified, possessed three or more years' experience as a counselor, was a member of a professional guidance association, and was thoroughly satisfied with his job as a counselor. Differences between professional counselors and non-professional counselors seemed to indicate a greater people-orientation in the professional counselor group. This was further supported by relationships of the professional counselor key with other scales on the SVIB.     

Monitoring simultaneous auditory messages

If a S is asked to monitor two simultaneous auditory speech messages and to report only on the occurrence of target words appearing at random in either message, then it is shown that he witt fail to detect all of them but will detect significantly more than half. The targets used in these experiments were immediate repeats of text words. The results reject theories that part of the sensory input is blocked or that all is recognized. Detection performance was a function of rate of speech and of intertarget interval; there was a small, not significant, effect of instruction to recognize message content.     

Variables underlying the recognition of random shapes

Speed of sorting decks of 32 cards with two alternative stimuli was measured. The stimuli were pairs of dots with attributes of distance between dots, angle of orientation of the pair, and position of the pair to the right or left of center. The attributes varied in relative discriminability and were used in all possible pair- and triple-correlated (redundant) combinations. Results showed an increase in speed of sorting with either an increase in discriminability or an increase in number of redundant attributes. It is argued that the increased speed with addition of redundant attributes is due both to a selective serial processing of attributes (requiring attribute separability) and to an increased discriminability with combined attributes (requiring attribute integrality).     

Verbal interference in a perceptual comparison task

When Ss had to indicate if the colors of pairs of items from the Stroop test were the same or different, the usual interference effect was completely eliminated. However, when the verbal information consisted of SAME and DIFF rather than color names, interference was reestablished. This indicates that the perceptual comparison task does not eliminate interference simply by rendering Ss insensitive to the meanings of words.     

The uniqueness and significance of simple structure demonstrated by contrasting organic “natural structure” and “random structure” data

The study compares the extent to which naturally structured data and artificial, relatively random data (both with the same basic parameters) produce simple structure factors which are uniquely determined. Two examples of unstructured matrices were compared with the ball problem matrix. The results show that an oblique position of maximum hyperplane count in the structured data differs from that in the unstructured by reaching a significantly more unique position in terms of the exactitude with which it is re-discoverable when starting from different positions, and by reaching (at the maximum) a significantly higher hyperplane count.