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161.
Maintained attitudinal changes in nursing personnel after a brief training on suicide prevention 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Botega NJ Silva SV Reginato DG Rapeli CB Cais CF Mauro ML Stefanello S Cecconi JP 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2007,37(2):145-153
Nursing personnel (N = 317) working at a general hospital attended a 6-hour training program on suicide prevention. They answered anonymously pre- and post-training the Suicide Behavior Attitude Questionnaire (SBAQ), which comprises 21 visual analogue scale items divided in three factorial subscales. The results indicated there were positive changes in the attitudes and these gains were significantly maintained at the 6-month follow-up evaluation. Improvement was in the Feelings and Professional Capacity subscales (ANOVA; p = 0.0001 and 0.01, respectively). There was no change on the Right to Suicide subscale. Because attitudes influence the effectiveness of health care personnel interventions, our findings may have important implications for the development of suicide prevention programs. 相似文献
162.
Teresa Araujo Silva M Leyser Gonçalves F Garcia-Mijares M 《The Behavior analyst / MABA》2007,30(1):17-30
When neural events are analyzed as stimuli and responses, functional relations among them and among overt stimuli and responses can be unveiled. The integration of neuroscience and the experimental analysis of behavior is beginning to provide empirical evidence of involvement of neural events in the three-term contingency relating discriminative stimuli, responses, and consequences. This paper is aimed at highlighting exemplar instances in the development of this issue. It has long been known that the electrical stimulation of certain cerebral areas can have a reinforcing function. Extraordinary technological advances in recent years show that neural activity can be selected by consequences. For example, the activity of in vitro isolated neurons that receive dopamine as a reinforcer functions as a cellular analogue of operant conditioning. The in vivo activity of populations of neurons of rats and monkeys can be recorded on an instant-to-instant basis and can then be used to move mechanical arms or track a target as a function of consequences. Neural stimulation acts as a discriminative stimulus for operant responses that are in turn maintained by neural consequences. Together with investigations on the molecular basis of classical conditioning, those studies are examples of possibilities that are being created for the study of behavior-environment interactions within the organism. More important, they show that, as an element in the three-term contingency, neural activity follows the same laws as other events. 相似文献
163.
Coelho RW De Campos W Da Silva SG Okazaki FH Keller B 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,105(2):458-468
To assess use of imagery intervention in performance of two tennis motor skills the quasi-experimental design included a pre- and posttest and a control group. The tennis service shot and service receiving skill were selected as representative of open and closed skills, respectively. 48 subjects, male tennis players, whose ages ranged from 16 to 18 yr. (M = 17.2), were divided into two groups: (1) Technical practice only which was used as control group and (2) Imagery group who received both imagery and technical practice. Analysis of covariance showed a significant main effect for the imagery intervention on the closed skill (p = .002). Findings suggest that imaging a positive outcome may be more powerful in improving performance of closed skill movements than of open skill movements. 相似文献
164.
Palmero EI Ashton-Prolla P da Rocha JC Vargas FR Kalakun L Blom MB Azevedo SJ Caleffi M Giugliani R Schüler-Faccini L 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(3):363-371
Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) accounts for 5–10% of breast cancer cases and it significantly increases the lifetime risk
of cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the sociodemographic variables, family history of cancer, breast cancer (BC) screening
practices and the risk profile of cancer affected or asymptomatic at-risk women that undergo genetic counseling for hereditary
breast cancer in public Brazilian cancer genetics services. Estimated lifetime risk of BC was calculated for asymptomatic
women using the Gail and Claus models. The majority of women showed a moderate lifetime risk of developing BC, with an average
risk of 19.7% and 19.9% by the Gail and Claus models, respectively. The average prior probability of carrying a BRCA1/2 gene mutation was 16.7% and overall only 32% fulfilled criteria for a hereditary breast cancer syndrome as assessed by family
history. We conclude that a significant number of individuals at high-risk for HBC syndromes may not have access to the benefits
of cancer genetic counseling in these centers. Contributing factors may include insufficient training of healthcare professionals,
disinformation of cancer patients; difficult access to genetic testing and/or resistance in seeking such services. The identification
and understanding of these barriers is essential to develop specific strategies to effectively achieve cancer risk reduction
in this and other countries were clinical cancer genetics is not yet fully established. 相似文献
165.
166.
Orlova VA Voskresenskaya NI Shcherbakova NP Korsakova NK Savina TD Solenova EP Efanova NN Malova JV 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2007,10(2):430-435
In order to study neuropsychological characteristics of subcortical-frontal brain regions function and assessment of their relation with vulnerability to schizophrenia 59 patients and 23 controls were investigated using Luria's neuropsychological methods. The analysis established bilateral abnormalities of the function of prefrontal and profound frontal lobe zones in patients as compared with controls. These abnormalities were more predominate in the left hemisphere. Point biserial correlation coefficients of determined integrative neuropsychological indicators with liability to schizophrenia were 0.39 +/- 0.11 and 0.28 +/- 0.09, for the left and right brain zones respectively. The obtained data permits discussion of the integrative neuropsychological indicators of subcortical-frontal brain regions as potential markers of liability to schizophrenia and confirms the role of structural and functional brain asymmetry in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. 相似文献
167.
The purpose of this study was to identify patterns in Portuguese television advertisements and interpret changes in the portrayal of gender roles using data collected 7 years apart: 1996 and 2003. We grouped 11 attributes of the central figure displayed in 623 evening commercials using a k‐means cluster procedure. There were 4 distinct groups of advertisements that emerged, 2 of them characterizing a predominantly male central figure and the other 2 a female central figure. The overall increase in women portrayed in advertisements from 1996 (32.9%) to 2003 (40.8%) is reflected in a shift toward an increase of advertisements with a female central figure in the typically male “narrator” cluster. Practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
168.
Toon Leroy Mitchell Silva Rudi D’Hooge Jean-Marie Aerts Daniel Berckmans 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(1):148-153
In this article, an automated and accurate mouse observation method, based on a conventional test for motor function evaluation,
is outlined. The proposed measurement technique was integrated in a regular open-field test, where the trajectory and locomotion
of a free-moving mouse were measured simultaneously. The system setup consisted of a transparent cage and a camera placed
below it with its lens pointing upward, allowing for images to be captured from underneath the cage while the mouse was walking
on the transparent cage floor. Thus, additional information was obtained about the position of the limbs of the mice for gait
reconstruction. In a first step, the camera was calibrated as soon as it was fixed in place. A linear calibration factor,
relating distances in image coordinates to real-world dimensions, was determined. In a second step, the mouse was located
and its body contour segmented from the image by subtracting a previously taken “background” image of the empty cage from
the camera image. In a third step, the movement of the mouse was analyzed and its speed estimated from its location in the
past few images. If the speed was above a 1-sec threshold, the mouse was recognized to be running, and the image was further
processed for footprint recognition. In a fourth step, color filtering was applied within the recovered mouse region to measure
the position of the mouse’s paws, which were visible in the image as small pink spots. Paws that were detected at the same
location in a number of subsequent images were kept as footprints—that is, paws in contact with the cage floor. The footprints
were classified by their position relative to the mouse’s outline as corresponding to the front left or right paw or the hind
left or right paw. Finally, eight parameters were calculated from the footprint pattern to describe the locomotion of the
mouse: right/left overlap, front/hind base, right/left front limb stride, and right/left hind limb stride. As an application,
the system was tested using normal mice and mice displaying pentobarbital-induced ataxia. The footprint parameters measured
using the proposed system showed differences of 10% to 20% between normal and ataxic mice. 相似文献
169.
Several studies have suggested that worry and obsessional symptoms are systematically associated. In the present study, the relationship between worry and obsessional symptoms was confirmed. Measures included a worry content measure, a worry visual analogue scale, a modification of the everyday checking behaviours scale, and the MOCI. Worry was found to be more consistently associated with checking and doubting, than washing and slowness. It is suggested that worry and obsessional symptoms both occur in response to stress. In addition, it is suggested that worry and checking are functionally similar, and Generalised Anxiety Disorder may represent a 'cognitive' variant of obsessional checking. 相似文献
170.
A 1991 study by Pinto and Priest demonstrated the effectiveness of advertisements employing moderate levels of guilt in inducing guilt responses in subjects. Because individuals' responses to guilt are often influenced by their specific personality characteristics, researchers have pointed to the potential moderating effects of individual difference variables such as level of self-esteem and locus of control on individuals' susceptibility to guilt appeals. A study was conducted to evaluate the possibility that self-esteem and locus of control can act as covariates across three treatment levels of guilt advertising. From a sample of 57 working mothers, advertisements stimulating medium and high levels of guilt elicited significantly greater feelings of guilt in subjects than the control advertisement stimulating low guilt. However, the relationship between susceptibility to guilt appeals and self-esteem and locus of control was not observed to covary. 相似文献