The Ecology of Teachers’ Experiences with Violence and Lack of Administrative Support

Teacher‐directed violence is a common, yet understudied, phenomenon. Perpetrators of violence against teachers include not just students, but also administrators, parents, and colleagues. Administrators are key stakeholders when it comes to shaping school climate and safety that can reduce or increase the negative impact of violence against teachers. In this study, 237 teachers’ qualitative responses from a larger sample of 2,431 anonymous, online survey responses were examined to better understand their experiences with incidents of violence and how administrators played a role in these experiences. Results reveal that lack of administrator support negatively impacts teachers at multiple levels, including teachers’ feelings (individual); challenges associated with addressing issues related to students, parents, and other perpetrators (interpersonal); and school systems and policies (organizational). This study highlights the importance of administrative support and illustrates how administrators’ actions and inactions can have ripple effects at each level of the school microcosm. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.     

What mothers don't know and doctors don't say: Detecting early developmental delays

The present study examined the detection of early developmental delays of high‐risk infants by first‐time mothers in a community sample of families (N = 451). About half of the mothers were adolescents at time of childbirth, and two thirds reported household incomes below $20,000 annually. Children were assessed at 12 and 24 months of age on standardized measures of cognitive, language, adaptive, and socioemotional development. According to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL101‐476) guidelines, about 1 in 4 children was eligible for intervention services at 12 months, and about 1 in 3 children was eligible at 24 months. Despite receiving regular medical services, mothers reported that very few eligible children (2% at 12 months and 9% at 24 months) were identified by medical professionals as having any problems that could interfere with development. Much like medical professionals, few mothers were appropriately worried about development, and the likelihood of expressing concerns was related to mothers' knowledge about infant development. These findings highlight the need for medical providers to frequently screen high‐risk children and for parents to become more knowledgeable about infant development.     

Concurrent Validity of the Child Behavior Checklist DSM-Oriented Scales: Correspondence with DSM Diagnoses and Comparison to Syndrome Scales

This study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) methodology and discriminative analyses to examine the correspondence of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales and empirically-derived syndrome scales with clinical diagnoses in a clinic-referred sample of children and adolescents (N = 476). Although results demonstrated that the CBCL Anxiety, Affective, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity, Oppositional and Conduct Problems DSM-oriented scales corresponded significantly with related clinical diagnoses derived from parent-based structured interviews, these DSM-oriented scales did not evidence significantly greater correspondence with clinical diagnoses than the syndrome scales in all cases but one. The DSM-oriented Anxiety Problems scale was the only scale that evidenced significantly greater correspondence with diagnoses above its syndrome scale counterpart —the Anxious/Depressed scale. The recently developed and rationally-derived DSM-oriented scales thus generally do not add incremental clinical utility above that already afforded by the syndrome scales with respect to corresponding with diagnoses. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

公共卫生人才调查及培养的思考

对江苏省部分市、区、县级疾病预防控制中心和卫生监督所的公共卫生队伍现状、人才需求进行了调查分析,为我国公共卫生教育提供了科学的依据。认为江苏省公共卫生系统现有人员素质有待进一步提高,医学高等院校应该加强公共卫生人才的培养。     

乙肝歧视:热过后的冷思考

乙肝歧视作为一个术语存在明显的语义学缺陷,在伦理学的视域中,乙肝歧视既非程序不公正,也非分配不公正,而是主体对客体缺少必要的仁慈。虽然通过医学手段彻底治愈乙型肝炎的时间无法准确地估测,但只要我们能够充分利用现有的医学和社会手段,就有望在30年左右的时间内将中国社会人群的乙肝病原携带率控制在1%以内,这大体上可看作是乙肝歧视的终结。     

美国社区卫生服务运行机制和管理模式研究

美国的卫生服务系统由社区卫生服务和医院服务两大部分组成。通过从组织形式、筹资机制、人力资源、动力与约束机制以及管理几个方面,对美国社区卫生服务的运行机制与管理模式进行分析,以期对我国社区卫生的发展有所借鉴与帮助。     

急诊内科老年患者误诊因素分析

随着人口老龄化的发展,急诊老年患者的比例正逐步提高;老年急症具有症状不典型、病情复杂、病史不全面等特点,如何避免误诊成为急诊医生一大挑战。本文从主、客观方面分析误诊因素,探讨如何运用科学的临床思维诊断老年患者。     

“健康国家”战略发展的过程与国际经验

基于健康价值概念,居民健康所面临的挑战,以及医疗卫生服务发展趋势,系统描述了“健康国家”战略的发展过程与国际社会实施“健康国家”战略的基本情况,并提出了可借鉴与学习的经验。     

医疗监管的自律与他律

自律和他律理论对加强和完善我国医疗行业监管具有重要的理论价值。自律和他律在医疗行业监管领域中的具体表现为,卫生行政部门的监督管理与医疗机构的自我约束和医疗行业的自律监管。指出我国医疗行业监管中存在的主要问题并提出健全医疗行业监管机制的思路。