The use of virtual reality for episodic memory assessment: effects of active navigation

Episodic memory was assessed using Virtual Reality (VR). Forty-four (44) subjects visualized a target virtual apartment containing specific objects in each room. Then they visualized a second virtual apartment comprised of specific objects and objects shared by the two apartments. Subjects navigated in the virtual apartments in one of the following two conditions: active and passive. Four main episodic memory components were scored from the VR exposures: (1) learning effect; (2) active forgetting effect; (3) strategies at encoding and at retrieval; and (4) false recognitions (FRs). The effect of navigation mode (active vs. passive) on each memory component was examined. Active subjects had better learning and retrieval (recognition hits) performances compared to passive subjects. A beneficial effect of active navigation was also observed on the source-based FR rates. Active subjects made fewer source-based FRs compared to passive subjects. These overall results for the effect of active navigation are discussed in terms of the distinction between item-specific and relational processing.     

医学院校自然辩证法教学中的例证探析

目前在《自然辩证法》的教学中还存在一些问题,如教材老化、师资力量不足,学生人文素质背景较薄弱等,为了切实使理论和实践相结合,使学生认识到该课程的重要性而学有所用,以医学院校为例,论述了如何将有关医学实例结合到《自然辩证法》的教学过程中去,以切实有效地提高这门课的教学效果。     

Protecting confidentiality rights: the need for an ethical practice model

All psychologists must uphold the same ethical standards about confidentiality even though each state imposes different legal limits on their ability to protect clients' confidences. The resulting ethical-legal confusion is exacerbated by legally based confidentiality training that treats legal exceptions as if they were the rule and fosters the impression that attorneys are now the only real experts about this aspect of practice. This article provides an ethics-based confidentiality practice model that clarifies the ethical rule and puts its legal exceptions into ethical perspective. Like the Confidentiality section of the American Psychological Association's (2002) Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, this outline would apply to all psychologists regardless of state laws, but the details of its implementation would vary according to role and setting. It can be used as a universal training outline, a consultation and supervision tool, a guide to professional practice, and a basis for clearer ongoing conversation about the ethics of "conditional confidentiality." Psychologists can use this practice model to regain their status as experts about the confidentiality ethics of their own profession.     

对“家属签字”制度的立法思考

李丽云悲剧的发生,使《医疗机构管理条例》第三十三条规定的“家属签字”制度成为公众及法律界人士关注的焦点。“家属签字”制度受到道德和法律的双重拷问。从“家属签字”制度中潜在的法律推定出发,对“家属签字”制度的正当性依据、“特殊情况”下对患者的求生推定等六方面问题做些有益探讨,以期完善我国医疗管理法律法规。     

近年高等中医院校师承教育试点班研究

中医院校教育改革已经开始注重中医特色和优势,部分学校在中医专业恢复师承教育,开办试点班。试点班以中医课程为主,培养方向是中医特色临床。在师承教育试点班里,已经把纯中医人才和中西医结合人才的培养相对分开。恢复师承教育试点班是一个积极而有效的探索,它在推进院校教育结构调整,完善教育体制等方面具有重要的作用。     

克雷佩林与精神病人的时代形象

精神疾病分类学不仅构建了对于这种疾病的评价,也决定了病人的名誉及其在法律关系中的责任。通过这些直接或间接的作用,精神疾病分类学塑造了一个时代的精神病人的形象。概述了克雷佩林的理论体系和分类思想,分析了贯穿其间的哲学讨论及其产生的社会影响,在此基础上说明起始阶段的精神疾病分类学如何塑造了那样一种精神病人的时代形象。     

Forced compliance: Commitment to compliance and commitment to activity

It is argued that the standard manipulation of free choice in a forced compliance situation has fostered confusion between the two different types of choices offered to subjects, namely commitment or non-commitment to compliance with the experimenter and choice of counter-attitudinal activity per se. From a theoretical viewpoint, the two choices have very different implications. The former is a prerequisite to dissonance arousal; the latter may bring about consonant cognitions which reduce the dissonance ratio. Two experiments which separated these two choices confirmed the above predictions, derived from a radical conception of the dissonance theory (Beauvois and Joule, 1981, 1994). The results are inconsistent with the reinterpretation of dissonance effects in self-perception terms.