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51.
The effects of moral judgment and moral identity on moral behavior: an empirical examination of the moral individual 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Recognizing limitations in classic cognitive moral development theory, several scholars have drawn from theories of identity to suggest that moral behavior results from both moral judgments and moral identity. The authors conducted 2 survey-based studies with more than 500 students and managers to test this argument. Results demonstrated that moral identity and moral judgments both independently influenced moral behavior. In addition, in situations in which social consensus regarding the moral behavior was not high, moral judgments and moral identity interacted to shape moral behavior. This interaction effect indicated that those who viewed themselves as moral individuals pursued the most extreme alternatives (e.g., never cheating, regularly cheating)--a finding that affirms the motivational power of a moral identity. The authors conclude by considering the implications of this research for both theory and practice. 相似文献
52.
Robert H. Stupnisky Robert D. Renaud Raymond P. Perry Joelle C. Ruthig Tara L. Haynes Rodney A. Clifton 《Social Psychology of Education》2007,10(3):303-330
Due to its widespread popularity, self-esteem is continually being promoted to students despite limited empirical support
for its effectiveness in improving their academic achievement. As a result, constructs that are potentially more salient to
academic performance, such as perceived control, have gone relatively unnoticed. Although past research has examined the link
between students’ academic achievement and either their self-esteem or perceived control, few studies have compared both constructs simultaneously to elucidate which one is more important to academic success. This longitudinal study directly
contrasted the effects of self-esteem and perceived control on the academic performance of 802 first-year college students.
After accounting for incoming ability (high school grades), age, and gender, a structural equation model showed perceived
control positively predicted students’ GPA. In contrast, the predictive effect of self-esteem on GPA was non-existent. Findings
indicate that compared to self-esteem, perceived control is a more powerful predictor of first-year college students’ GPA.
Implications for utilizing educational interventions to boost perceived control among college students are discussed. 相似文献
53.
Joelle C. Ruthig Tara L. Haynes Raymond P. Perry Judith G. Chipperfield 《Social Psychology of Education》2007,10(1):115-137
Although optimism has several benefits, there are potential drawbacks associated with “too much of a good thing”. Within an
academic context, a possible determinant of the adaptiveness of optimistic bias is whether students have a sense of control
over academic outcomes: optimistically-biased (OB) achievement expectations paired with perceptions of academic control may
enhance performance and well-being; optimistic bias in the absence of perceived control may result in disappointment, poor
performance, and diminished well-being. The current longitudinal study examined academic control cognitions (ACC) among OB
college students (n = 319) versus non-optimistically biased (non-OB) students (n = 321). We also examined the effects of academic optimistic bias on composite measures of college performance (perceived
success, final psychology course grades, cumulative GPA, course attrition) and well-being (positive and negative emotions,
health behaviors, future optimism) 6 months later; and determined whether ACC accounted for those associations. Significant
MANCOVAs showed OB students had greater ACC, better subsequent well-being, and outperformed their non-OB counterparts. These
well-being and performance differences remained significant after statistically accounting for initial aptitude and ACC. Overall,
academic optimistic bias was accompanied by perceived controllability over scholastic outcomes, yet beyond the effects of
ACC, optimistic bias was associated with better year-end performance and well-being. Findings have implications for maximizing
the successful transition of first-year college students. 相似文献
54.
This study investigated the association between exposure to community violence (ECV) and school functioning, as well as posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms as a potential mediator of the relationship. PTS symptoms are commonly associated with ECV, and are characterized by difficulty regulating emotions and behaviors. Thus, PTS symptomatology may be one mechanism through which community violence impacts school functioning. The community-based sample included 47 low-income African American children (aged 10-13). Results revealed that ECV was inversely related to academic performance and attendance. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress emerged as a mediator of the relation between ECV and academic performance. Results have implications for urban students who face violence in their communities, and emphasize the need for school-based mental health services. 相似文献
55.
Current models of affect and health posit that affective disturbance influences health through behavioral pathways. The current research explores this hypothesis in the domain of sexual risk behavior by testing explicit and implicit hopelessness as predictors of condom use. Male and female undergraduates (n = 60) completed implicit and explicit measures of depression, hopelessness, and self‐reported condom use frequency. Findings revealed that implicit hopelessness predicted less condom use. However, this relationship was moderated by gender such that implicit hopelessness predicted less condom use for men, but not for women. The applicability of the findings to broader health theories is discussed. 相似文献
56.
Tammy M. Beran Tara A. McCannel Annette L. Stanton Bradley R. Straatsma Barry L. Burgess 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(3):265-274
To determine if choroidal melanoma patients want cytogenetic prognostic information. Ninety-nine choroidal melanoma patients
completed a questionnaire regarding their opinions about receiving prognostic information. The perceived usefulness of prognostic
information was evaluated in patients who had undergone cytogenetic testing. Depressive symptoms, quality of life, and interest
in supportive counseling during test receipt were assessed. Ninety-seven percent of respondents reported that they would have
wanted prognostic information at the time of their treatment and 98% of respondents reported that supportive counseling should
be offered when prognostic information is given. Patients who had received a more favorable prognostic result were more likely
to endorse the usefulness of cytogenetic testing than were patients who had received a less favorable prognostic result. Psychological
status did not vary significantly as a function of cytogenetic test result. Prognostic information was important to patients
with choroidal melanoma, even in the absence of prophylactic measures which might improve prognosis. 相似文献
57.
K.A.S. Wickrama Eric T. Klopack Tara E. Sutton 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2022,40(2):334-351
Little is known about how biological and psychological consequences of adolescent stressful life events (SLEs) are jointly associated with socioeconomic and relational outcomes in adulthood. To address this gap, the present study involved testing a model based on the life course perspective that posits adolescent SLE trajectories produce parallel trajectories of depressive symptoms and weight status, which are jointly associated with socioeconomic status and intimate relationship quality in adulthood. Prospective data over 13 years from a nationally representative sample of 11,677 US adolescents was utilized. The results demonstrated that trajectories of BMI and depressive symptoms, which showed contemporaneous and longitudinal comorbidities over the early life course, were influenced by adolescent SLEs. Both BMI and depressive symptoms trajectories are additively and jointly associated with socioeconomic status and intimate relationship quality in adulthood. Additionally, adolescent SLE trajectories are directly associated with these adult outcomes. These observed associations persisted even after controlling for early family socioeconomic adversity and race/ethnicity. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
58.
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60.
Thane M. Erickson Adam P. McGuire Gina M. Scarsella Tara A. Crouch Jamie A. Lewis Ashley P. Eisenlohr 《The journal of positive psychology》2018,13(6):643-654
Laboratory studies suggest that witnessing virtuous acts triggers moral elevation, an emotion characterized by feeling uplifted and increased prosocial motives. However, it remains unknown whether regular inductions can increase elevation and prosocial motives in daily life without being vulnerable to habituation or adaptation effects. Participants (total N = 181) were randomly assigned to elevating vs. neutral or amusing inductions (video or recall tasks) for seven days (Study 1), ten days (Study 2), or 12 days over one month (Study 3). Multilevel growth models showed that relative to comparison conditions, elevation inductions increased daily elevation, positive affect, and prosocial outcomes (compassionate goals and affiliation), and decreased self-protective motives (self-image goals). Adaptation effects occurred for immediate responses when exercises occurred daily, but not when spaced out over time, and not for outcomes measured later each day. Results suggest benefits of brief, regular elevation experiences and have implications for interventions targeting specific emotions. 相似文献