Valence band structure of the NiAl–Mo alloy from the photoelectron spectrum

The valence band structures of the NiAl–Mo alloy was investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. The valence band spectra of the NiAl–Mo alloy was shifted away from the Fermi level so that the Ni-d-band centroid moved to a higher energy by 0.22 eV as Mo was added. A possible explanation lied in the overlap of Ni-d bands in the energy with Mo-d and Al-p bands. The participation of Mo-d bands was correlated with the site preference of Mo in NiAl alloys.     

Decagonal quasicrystal with ordered body-centred (CsCl-type) hypercubic lattice

An ordered structure, which was found in a decagonal quasicrystal with 0.4 nm periodicity in a conventionally solidified Al₇₀Ni₂₀Ru₁₀ alloy, has been examined theoretically by the projection of an ordered body-centred (CsCl-type) hypercubic lattice. The ordered structure can be characterized as an ordered arrangement of two kinds of atom columnar cluster with different directions of pentagonal symmetry. Two lattices, which are constructed by connecting the atom clusters in the same directions, can be interpreted as ordered sublattices formed by each of vertex and body-centred positions of the CsCl-type hypercubic lattice. Diffraction patterns calculated from the ordered and disordered body-centred hypercubic lattices replicate well the electron diffraction patterns observed from the Al-Ni-Ru and other decagonal quasicrystals.     

风险社会中公众政治信任的形成机制及影响

风险社会中如何提升公众的政治信任成为焦点。以政治信任形成的终生学习理论为基础,将理性选择理论和社会文化理论相整合,探讨影响政治信任形成的因素,以及政治信任对政治合作的影响。对291名被试进行问卷调查,层次回归结果发现：政治信任在政治透明度感知、宽容度感知和政治合作之间发挥正向中介作用;在负面认知固化程度和政治合作之间发挥负向中介作用;政治氛围感知在政治信任和政治合作行为之间起调节作用。最后,对该结果形成的原因与在现实生活中的应用进行讨论,并对未来研究的发展方向进行展望。     

Group Cohesion,Achievement Motivation,and Motivational Outcomes among Female College Students

Embedded in the theory of group cohesion and the expectancy-value model of achievement choice, the purpose of this study was to examine the predictive strengths of group cohesion on students’ motivation (expectancy-related beliefs and subjective task values) and motivational outcomes (exercise choice and class attendance) in college physical activity classes. Participants were 121 females enrolled in aerobics classes who completed questionnaires assessing group cohesion, motivational constructs, and exercise choice. Group cohesion constructs were significantly associated with motivation and motivational outcomes. These findings provide insight into how to design environments to promote motivation in physical activity classes.     

数学焦虑对工作记忆子系统及数学心算的影响分析

本研究从工作记忆容量的角度入手,探讨数学焦虑对工作记忆子系统及数学心算成绩的影响,并寻求三者之间关系的理论解释。本研究为3×2×2混合实验设计,即三组被试（高、中、低数学焦虑组）、工作记忆两个子系统（言语工作记忆和视空间工作记忆）和两种数学心算任务难度,并记录数学心算的反应时和正确率作为其成绩指标。结果表明在要求较高工作记忆容量的数学心算任务中,数学焦虑通过言语工作记忆和视空间工作记忆都会对数学心算成绩产生影响,其中视空间工作记忆是数学焦虑与复杂数学心算反应时之间的中介变量。     

认知负荷主观评价量表比较

运用双任务实验范式,比较了三种认知负荷主观评价量表的灵敏度与效度。结果发现：在本研究任务条件下,次任务反应时的稳定性、抗干扰性较好,可以作为认知负荷主观评价的标尺;WP量表与PAAS量表的敏感性均较好,其中WP量表的敏感性、诊断性高于后者,TLX量表的敏感性较弱;WP量表与PAAS量表的效度较好,且好于TLX量表。综合各项指标,在中低难度任务下,WP量表是目前认知负荷较为理想的测量工具。     

Cross‐level interactions of individual trait positive affect,group trait positive affect,and group positive affect diversity

The purpose of the current study is to examine the cross‐level three‐way interactions among individual trait positive affect (PA), group trait PA, and group PA diversity on individual work outcomes. Drawing on situation strength theory, we hypothesized that the relationship of individual trait PA with work outcomes depends on the strength of a group's affective contexts including group trait PA and PA diversity. The hierarchical linear modelling results for 261 employees in 42 South Korean organizational teams showed that individuals' trait PA was positively associated with their team commitment, job satisfaction, and organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The findings also demonstrated that individual trait PA had the strongest relationship with team commitment when group trait PA was low and PA diversity was high simultaneously. In addition, the relationship between individual trait PA and OCB was found to be stronger for affectively diverse groups than for homogeneous groups.     

胰岛再生治疗的前景

胰岛β细胞数量减少和功能障碍是糖尿病的根本原因,现有的治疗手段主要以维持正常血糖水平为主要目的,尚无有效恢复受损胰岛功能的治愈性治疗手段。胰岛再生治疗将是一种可以恢复受损胰岛功能、改变糖尿病自然病程的崭新治疗手段。目前现有的噻唑烷二酮、肠促胰岛素及类似物、二肽基肽酶-4抑制剂等治疗,虽然不是一类新的胰岛再生药物,但其具有一定的促进胰岛再生、改善胰岛功能的作用。体外诱导β细胞再生也将为胰岛移植提供新的来源,为治愈糖尿病带来曙光。     

《孟姜女传说》与齐鲁文化——兼谈其中的主要文化素

《孟姜女传说》是中国四大民间传说之一。2006年山东淄博将其申报为国家级非物质文化遗产后,就其真正的归属地问题却产生了争议。通过文献考索与田野调查,我们认为：齐鲁,特别是淄博泰山齐长城遗址及周围地区是孟姜女传说的发源地。秦始皇之所以进入《孟姜女传说》,其直接因素是他修了＂万里长城＂,而深层原因是他的齐鲁文化情结。＂文化素＂是波亚托斯提出的概念,指的是通过符号感觉到或认识到的文化单位。从＂礼义＂、＂歌哭＂等文化素分析来看,齐鲁文化是《孟姜女传说》最核心的精神内核,齐鲁是它的文化出生地及传播的中心地带。     

美国政府对宗教事务的管理

美国没有专门管理宗教事务的政府机构,政府对宗教事务的管理主要通过普通法律,辅以政府文件来实现.本文选取美国宗教事务中最具代表性、宗教事务管理中最具典型性的部分加以叙述,力求对美国宗教事务管理作概况性的描述,并勾画其基本特征.