日本侵略战争中的宗教动员

一、日本神道教的宗教动员在历次侵略战争中,日本军国主义政府以神道教为国教,发动佛教及其他宗教实施宗教动员。1.神道教的宗教动员思想神道教主张“神国日本”在世界上的绝对优越性,具有领导全世界的责任和神圣使命感。天皇是创造日本国的天照大神的直系子孙,具有神权,是日本唯一正统的统治者,国民必须对天皇绝对崇敬和绝对服从。而且臣民必须“忠于天皇”、“敬神崇祖”、“灭私奉公”,甚至要求“一旦如有缓急,当义勇奉公,以扶翼天壤无穷之皇运”,即要求一旦遇有战争等非常事态,要为天皇制国家卖命。而以天皇名义发动的战争则是“圣战”,…     

A differing bidirectional impact on the recognition accuracy of facial expression

This study explored a bidirectional impact on the recognition accuracy of various facial expressions deriving from both the observer and sender in a sample of Chinese participants. A facial manipulation task was used to examine the ability of an observer's facial feedback to modulate the recognition of various facial expressions. Furthermore, the effect of a sender's facial expression with an open or closed mouth on recognition accuracy was investigated. The results showed that only recognition accuracy of a sad facial expression was influenced simultaneously by bidirectional sources from a sender and observer. Moreover, the impact of the unidirectional cue of a sender's facial feature (i.e., mouth openness) on happy and neutral faces was found to influence the recognition accuracy of these faces, but not the observer's bodily state. These findings indicate that the bidirectional impact derived from an observer and sender on facial expression recognition accuracy differs for emotional and neutral expressions.     

大学生对心理健康必备能力的认知

本研究以200名大学生为被试,以访谈及问卷的方式对大学生心理健康必备能力的认知进行了调查研究,并建立了大学生心理健康必备能力认知结构模型,结果表明:大学生所认知的自己心理健康必备能力由自我调控、社会应对、学习和人际交往这四个方面的能力组成,它们彼此独立,但又相互关联。     

Determination of atomic structure of phason planes in the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase

The atomic structures of specific types of linear defects (phason lines) and planar defects (phason planes) in the complex metallic alloy phase ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn have been determined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and theoretical HREM simulation. The results show that a representational atomic structural model for phason planes can be constructed by introducing a shift between two parts of the perfect crystalline structure using a translation vector of r ?=?(1/2) a ?+?(1/2τ) c . This typical phason plane is normally parallel to the (001) plane of the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase and consists of phason lines, which are arranged side-by-side with their linear direction parallel to the [010] axis. HREM simulations, based on the structural model for both edge-on and inclined types of phason lines, agree well with the experimental results. Taking into account the fact that the structural difference between various curved phason planes arises from the variation in the arrangement of individual phason lines, the atomic structures of the edge-on and inclined phason lines can be used to explain the various curved phason planes frequently observed in the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase.     

Four-phonon model of soft-matter quasicrystals for studying thermodynamics

Four-phonon model of soft-matter quasicrystals is proposed, in which there are three solid phonons and one fluid phonon. With this model, the vibration spectrum of soft-matter quasicrystals can be obtained. The generalized Debye frequency, generalized Debye temperature and the thermodynamic functions of soft-matter quasicrystals are observed. The results on the specific heat of soft-matter quasicrystals demonstrate the contributions of both solid phonons and fluid phonon, respectively.     

人体器官买卖成因和对策的法学思考

器官供需严重不平衡导致了人体器官买卖的产生,器官买卖对供体和受体均存在潜在风险,对社会危险性也不容忽视.分析了器官买卖链条中供体、受体和中介各自的角色和地位,并提出了立法推动尸体器官捐献、加强医院和医务人员承担的法律责任、打击买卖中介和加强网络监管等建议.     

女性盆腔脏器脱垂的传统手术治疗

对于女性盆腔脏器脱垂的手术治疗,传统的手术方式包括阴道封闭术、曼氏手术和阴式全子宫切除术.阴道封闭术操作相对简单,适用于无性生活要求的、合并症较多的年老体弱者,但术后可能存在新发压力性尿失禁,并且导致性功能障碍,术中是否切除子宫尚有争议.曼氏手术保留子宫、操作简单,但术后脱垂复发及妊娠后宫颈机能不全问题仍有待研究.阴式全子宫切除术对于POP-Q评分II期及以内的脱垂患者,治疗效果最佳,期别高的患者术后复发仍可使用保守或再次手术治疗补救,本手术方式术后较少出现性交痛.总而言之,选择适当的适应证并积极与患者沟通后,女性盆腔脏器脱垂的传统手术治疗仍为不错的治疗方式.