Impacts of growth mindset and concern with performance on resilience to self-doubt in american and chinese students

Social Psychology of Education - The current study examined how growth mindset of intelligence and concern with performance impact resilience to chronic self-doubt in American and Chinese students....     

智能平衡评估系统的概述和启示

智能平衡评估系统是美国目前使用最为广泛的教育评估系统之一。该系统的三大部分——总结性评估系统、中期评估系统和数字图书馆构成一个畅通的教学、反馈、助教与助学的教育循环系统。我国可借鉴智能平衡评估系统的思想和所采用的技术,将相对独立的教育督导、教育研究、考试命题、学校等事业机构在功能上联合起来形成完整的教育链,建构日常教学评估系统,从而提高国内教育的效益,减轻教与学的负担。     

Attentional networks,vigilance, and distraction as a function of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in an adult community sample

Attentional difficulties are a core axis in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, establishing a consistent and detailed pattern of these neurocognitive alterations has not been an easy endeavour. Based on a dimensional approach to ADHD, the present study aims at comprehensively characterizing three key attentional domains: the three attentional networks (alerting, orienting, and executive attention), two components of vigilance (executive and arousal vigilance), and distraction. To do so, we modified a single, fine-grained task (the ANTI-Vea) by adding irrelevant distractors. One hundred and twenty undergraduates completed three self-reports of ADHD symptoms in childhood and adulthood and performed the ANTI-Vea. Despite the low reliability of some ANTI-Vea indexes, the task worked successfully. While ADHD symptoms in childhood were related to alerting network and arousal vigilance, symptoms in adulthood were linked to executive vigilance. No association between ADHD symptom severity and executive attention and distraction was found. In general, our hypotheses about the relationships between ADHD symptoms and attentional processes were partially supported. We discuss our findings according to ADHD theories and attention measurement.     

Prospective emotion enables episodic prospection to shift time preference

The episodic effect suggests that episodic prospection (imagining future events) can effectively reduce time discounting, the propensity to discount the value of delayed rewards relative to immediate ones. However, less clear is how episodic prospection modulates time preference. As engagement in episodic prospection usually evokes prospective emotions, it was proposed that episodic prospection might work by inducing prospective emotions. Although one previous study has attempted to provide evidence to the emotional account of the episodic effect, shortcomings in its experimental design make its conclusion questionable. In this study, we replicated previous experimental design with improvements to further test the effects of prospective emotion on time preference. By manipulating the emotional valency associated with episodic prospection in a delay discounting task, we found that positive episodic prospection attenuated time discounting; negative episodic prospection exacerbated time discounting; and episodic prospection did not shift time preference when prospective emotion is removed. These results were essentially identical to the result of the previous study. Together, these studies suggested that the effects of episodic prospection depended on prospective emotion. Thus, one cannot ignore prospective emotion if counting on episodic prospection to combat humans’ impulsive behaviours.     

数字生态系统中创业机会的形成与发展：基于社会资本理论的探究

数字创业浪潮方兴未艾, 机会属性变化引起的数字创业机会形成与变化规律尚未被揭示。本研究以数字生态系统作为研究情境, 分析创业者利用数字生态系统可供性积累的社会资本, 如何影响创业机会形成与发展。从机会的合意性维度和内容维度两方面解释创业机会的变化规律, 考察创业者认知监控与新创企业数字化程度对这一路径的调节作用。本研究拓展社会资本理论在数字创业背景下的应用, 深化数字生态系统中的创业机会研究, 有助于指导创业者利用数字平台开展“破坏性创造”, 提升机会识别质量和效率, 促进创业生态系统建设。     

萌萌哒还是古灵精怪?奢侈品品牌可爱风格对消费者偏好的影响

奢侈品品牌热衷于使用可爱风格与消费者进行互动。本文以理想自我理论为基础,通过4个实验探索奢侈品品牌可爱风格类型对消费者偏好的影响机制和边界条件。实验1表明奢侈品品牌的可爱风格(婴儿图式/古灵精怪)会显著地影响消费者的品牌偏好,验证了主效应的因果链模型。实验2进一步明确了主效应的边界,结果表明品牌可爱风格对消费者偏好的影响只在奢侈品品牌的情境下才存在。实验3探索了自我监控水平对主效应的调节作用,发现对于低自我监控的个体,奢侈品品牌的可爱风格难以有效地影响品牌偏好。实验4分析了个体发展阶段对主效应的调节作用,结果表明对于成年期个体,古灵精怪可爱风格比婴儿图式可爱风格更能提高个体的奢侈品品牌偏好,对于童年期个体,婴儿图式可爱风格比古灵精怪可爱风格更易获得青睐。     

Frequency of borderline personality disorder among psychiatric outpatients in Shanghai

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency, clinical characteristics, and comorbidity of borderline personality disorder (BPD) among psychiatric outpatients in two clinics at Shanghai Mental Health Center. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted. From 3,075 outpatients screened using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-IV+, 2,284 patients positive for a personality disorder were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders. The frequency of BPD among the psychiatric outpatients was 5.8%, with a frequency of 3.5% among males and 7.5% among females (p < .01). BPD was found to have extensive comorbidity with Axis I and II disorders. This study proves that BPD does occur in China. The detected frequency among outpatients is lower than that reported in North America.     

阅读投入对阅读素养影响的跨文化比较研究——以PISA 2009为例

基于PISA2009的数据,从国际比较的视角出发,使用两水平线性模型,考察阅读投入对15岁学生阅读素养成绩的影响,并分析该影响模式在中国上海、韩国、芬兰和美国之间的异同。结果发现:(1)总体上,在四种不同文化背景下,学生的阅读投入均与阅读素养表现关系密切。(2)具体到构成阅读投入的各个变量,阅读兴趣、控制策略、理解和识记元认知策略以及总结元认知策略均对阅读素养表现有正向预测作用,这在不同文化背景中表现出基本一致的模式;阅读时间量、阅读材料的多样性、网上阅读活动的多样性、校内阅读变量、记忆以及精细化加工策略对阅读素养表现的影响在不同国家/地区表现出不同的关系模式。此外,本研究探讨了从增加个性化阅读时间、增加阅读文本的多样性以及进行有效学习策略的指导三个方面培养学生的阅读投入。     

“亲亲相隐”与“隐而任之”

<正>最近学术界围绕"亲亲相隐"的问题,引发了一场如何认识、评价儒家伦理的讨论,涉及到如何看待血缘亲情,以及孔孟等儒者是如何处理血缘亲情与仁义普遍原则的关系等一系列问题。(参见郭齐勇主编,2004年;2011年)对此,学者已发表了不少高见,澄清了一些问题。但总体上看,该次讨论更多的是一场"立场之争"而非"学术之争"。其实对于"亲亲相隐"这一复杂的学术问题,     

宁夏医科大学强化人文医学教育的思考与探索

强化人文医学教育已成为医学教育发展的根本要求.宁夏医科大学致力于强化人文医学教育.改革人文医学教育教学模式,强化临床教学阶段人文医学技能培养,建立人文医学专业技能培训基地,统筹校园文化建设和第二课堂,构建人文医学教育体系.强调专业课教学中的人文教育功能,提高教师的人文素质和人文教育能力.