HO-GDINA模型的EM算法参数估计

Generalized DINA Model(G-DINA)为认知诊断模型提供了一个一般性的理论框架,而高阶诊断模型不仅能描述被试的总体水平,还能描述被试对属性的掌握情况(微观的认知状态)以及被试掌握属性与能力的关系,提供更丰富的信息。如果能把这两者结合起来,可能对实际诊断工作的操作有较大帮助。文章首先对考虑高阶结构的整合性模型——HO-GDINA模型的形式进行讨论,探讨其参数估计EM算法的实现,并用模拟过程对模型的估计精度进行研究,结果验证了HO-GDINA的EM算法的正确性,并且说明该算法对该模型有较高估计精确度。然后用饱和模型在约束条件下的特殊形式HO-DINA模型对"分数减法"这一经典数据进行EM算法参数估计和具体分析,展示了HO-GDINA在实际情况中的具体使用,并与de la Torre之前用MCMC估计算法得到的研究结果做比较,基本一致,进一步表明HO-GDINA模型的参数估计EM算法在实际情境中的特殊形式下仍然适用。     

The Mediating Effects of Self-Esteem and Trait Anxiety Mediate on the Impact of Locus of Control on Subjective Well-Being

Sense of control plays an important role in the psychological well-being of an individual. This study aims to investigate the impact of locus of control on subjective well-being (SWB). Participants include 400 undergraduates (214 men and 186 women) from four universities in China. Data were collected using the Adult Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Trait Anxiety Scale, and SWB measures. Results suggested that locus of control, trait anxiety, and self-esteem were significantly correlated with SWB. Structural equation modeling results indicated that trait anxiety and self-esteem partially mediated the impact of locus of control on SWB. Moreover, bootstrap test revealed significant paths from locus of control to SWB through trait anxiety and self-esteem. Therefore, locus of control, trait anxiety, and self-esteem have significant impacts on SWB. Moreover, trait anxiety and self-esteem have a mediating effect on the impact of locus of control on subjective well-being.     

Direct and Indirect Effects of Self-efficacy on Depression: The Mediating Role of Dispositional Optimism

In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of self-efficacy on depression – specifically, to test and verify the mediating role of dispositional optimism between the two variables. Five hundred and thirty-five undergraduates from two universities were recruited and given a Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, Revised Life Orientation Test, and Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results indicated that there are indeed significant relationships among self-efficacy, dispositional optimism, and each identified dimension of depression; structural equation modeling showed that the relationship between self-efficacy and depression is partially mediated by dispositional optimism. To this effect, we concluded that to develop and improve students’ self-efficacy will reduce their levels of depression, which may have implications in college counseling.     

The diagnostic and therapeutic uses of family conflicts in a Chinese context: the case of anorexia nervosa

There are two untested cultural beliefs commonly held among family therapists in Hong Kong: (1) Chinese families are reserved in disclosing their conflicts to an 'outsider'; and (2) it would be culturally inappropriate to elicit family conflicts in treatment. In this article, an attempt is made to examine these cultural beliefs based on the results of a qualitative study of thirty-five Chinese patients suffering from anorexia nervosa. These patients and their families have participated in a pre-treatment family interview prior to the commencement of family treatment. The results of the study have shown that the afflicted Chinese families are very willing to disclose their difficulties to the researcher. The onset of the disorder has led to different types of family conflicts including: (1) overt family conflicts related to food refusal; (2) covert family conflicts; (3) increased sibling rivalry; (4) increased parent–child conflict; and (5) marital tension and distress. The clinical implications of this study are discussed at the end of the article.     

口腔修复诊疗中人的审美形式感的产生

当前,医学美学作为技术美学涵盖下的一个分支,在口腔修复诊疗工作中,起着从未有过的重要作用.它以哲学的研究方法,运用艺术的手段,正自觉或不自觉地影响着口腔医护人员的工作.本文以口腔诊疗活动中形式美的审美为基点,讨论了几个有关的问题.     

试析元代汉人对伊斯兰教的"解读"--以定州《重建礼拜寺记》碑为例

元代是伊斯兰教在中国大发展的时期,在中国伊斯兰教史上占有重要地位。本文以元代定州《重礼拜寺记》碑为中心,考察了元代汉人对伊斯兰教的认识与理解,指出在元代,汉人尤其是士大夫阶层业已开始以儒家思想来阐释伊斯兰教,这在中国思想史上尚属首次,在某种程度上促使伊斯兰教走上了非文化自觉意义上的调适之路。其开山之功,意义重大,不容抹煞,值得深入探讨。     

建立有中国特色的卒中单元

卒中单元是一种医疗管理模式,它将治疗脑卒中的有效手段集中在一起,让病人在有效治疗时间窗内的到他所需要的最佳治疗,尽可能地使卒中病人恢复神经功能,恢复自我,回归社会。但我国的卒中单元还存在许多问题,需共同努力建立有中国特色的卒中单元。     

关注人文素质教育语境下的中医医史文献

随着社会的发展及医学模式的转换,人们呼唤重新审视医学的目的和价值,期待着医学人文关怀传统的复兴.于是,加强医学院校大学生人文素质教育,倡导人格教育理念,成为医学院校加强素质教育的重要内容.中医医史文献教育教学的视角,分析素质教育语境下的专业教育问题.     

骨折治疗方法与原则的最优化历程

多年来骨折治疗,新旧技术、新旧理论相互融合,相互碰撞,产生了新的理论和方法,使得临床疗效显著提高,现阶段理智的临床医生应该融汇各家之长,多方互补,对每一位骨折患者的治疗都应该按照最优化的原则进行.但是在医疗过程中总存在着如方法选择不当或者错误,过度治疗,医患信任危机,医疗伦理道德的丧失等情况,我们应该用矛盾分析的方法来思考这些问题.     

乙肝阳性者能否作为供体

为了扩大器官移植的供体来源,研究乙肝阳性者能否作为供体具有重大的现实意义.简要介绍国内外乙肝阳性者作为供体的临床事实,重点分析了乙肝阳性者作为供体可能存在的问题,并提出了相应的解决方案.